Chapter 3 draws together developments in the settler colonies of New South Wales and Natal to consider how the rise of Indian indentured labour in the plantation empire influenced proposals for permanent Indian labour emigration to the settler colonies. Motivated by the indentured labour system available to planters, settler capitalists sought Indian labour as a means to fortify Australia’s pastoral economies. Yet other proposals for Indian labour emigration, put forward by Governor George Grey for Natal and by Justice William Burton for colonial Australia, conceived of Indian labour emigration as an ameliorative path to permanent settlement. Both men’s proposals built upon policies, familiar from their previous administrative careers in the Australasian settler colonies, for the ‘amelioration’ of Indigenous peoples. The multi-directional flow of ideas about indentured labour, non-white labour emigration and the ameliorative potential of settler colonialism in this mid century period not only indicated continuing ties between the plantation and settler colonies; it also pointed to how non-white labour schemes figured in debates about the possibilities of colonial citizenship.