Child Welfare, Protection, and Justice

Murli Desai

doi:10.1017/9781108963787

Series: Elements in Child Development

Child Welfare, Protection, and Justice

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 21 January 2021

Murli Desai

Show author details

Murli Desai: Affiliation:
Tata Institute of Social Sciences

Summary

This Element first reviews the limitations of the concepts of problems in childhood. It proposes a universal, comprehensive, and longitudinal conceptual framework of problems in childhood, their differential context, and their cyclical effects. Based on the linkages identified in the children's problems, they are divided into three levels, primary, secondary, and tertiary. The Element then reviews the concepts and the limitations of the prevalent service delivery approaches of child welfare, protection, and justice, because of which these services have not helped to break the cycle of problems in childhood. The Element identifies the rights-based comprehensive, preventive, and systemic approach for child welfare, at primary, secondary and tertiary prevention levels, in order to break this cycle of problems. Finally, the Element goes into details of the tertiary prevention level integrated service delivery for children facing socio-legal problems.

Element contents

Summary
References

Get access

Keywords

child welfare child protection justice for children preventive service delivery systems child rights

Information

Type: Element
Information: Series: Elements in Child Development

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108963787 [Opens in a new window]

Online ISBN: 9781108963787

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication: 18 February 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Element purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

The Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action. (2019). Minimum standards for child protection in humanitarian action. https://alliancecpha.org/en/CPMS_home Google Scholar

Beverly, S. G., Elliott, W., & Sherraden, M. (2013). Child development accounts and college success: Accounts, assets, expectations, and achievements. CSD Perspective, 13–27.Google Scholar

Bhasin, K. (2000). Understanding gender. Kali for Women.Google Scholar

Boyden, J., & Levison, D. (2000). Children as economic and social actors in the development process. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Sweden.Google Scholar

Brewer, D. (2008). Globalization and human trafficking. www.du.edu/korbel/hrhw/researchdigest/trafficking/Globalization.pdf Google Scholar

Burman, E. (2008). Deconstructing developmental psychology (2nd ed.). Routledge Taylor and Frances Group.Google Scholar

Child Protection Working Group. (2012). Minimum standards for child protection in humanitarian action. http://cpwg.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/CP-Minimum-Standards-English-2013.pdf Google Scholar

Child Protection Working Group. (2014). Protocol for case management of child victims of abuse, neglect, and exploitation. http://cpwg.net/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2014/05/Philippines-CSPC-protocol.pdf Google Scholar

Child Welfare Information Gateway. (2014). Definitions of child abuse and neglect. www.childwelfare.gov/pubPDFs/define.pdf Google Scholar

Child Welfare Information Gateway. (2019). What is child abuse and neglect? Recognizing the signs and symptoms. www.childwelfare.gov/pubPDFs/whatiscan.pdf#page=2&view=How%20is%20child%20abuse%20and%20neglect%20defined%20in%20Federal%20law?Google Scholar

Children in a Changing Climate. (2013). Towards the resilient future children want: A Review of progress in achieving the Children’s Charter for Disaster Risk Reduction, World Vision UK. http://9bb63f6dda0f744fa444-9471a7fca5768cc513a2e3c4a260910b.r43.cf3.rackcdn.com/files/5813/7658/5189/Towards_the_resilient_future_2013_lowres.pdf Google Scholar

Christian Children’s Fund (2005). Understanding children’s experience of poverty: An introduction to the DEV framework. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.499.209&rep=rep1&type=pdf Google Scholar

Connelly, P., Li, T. M., MacDonald, M., & Parpart, J. L. (2000). Feminism and development: Theoretical perspectives. In J. L. Parpart, M. P. Connelly, & V. E. Barriteau (Eds.), Theoretical perspectives on gender and development. International Development Research Centre. www.idrc.ca/es/ev-27444–201-1-DO_TOPIC.html Google Scholar

Consortium for Street Children & Plan. (2011). Still on the street – Still short of rights: Analysis of policy and programmes related to Street Involved Children. https://childhub.org/en/system/tdf/library/attachments/csc_11_the_streets_0311.pdf?file=1&type=node&id=19067 Google Scholar

Corby, B. (2002). Child abuse and child protection. In Goldson, B., Lavalette, M., & McKechnie, J. (Eds.), Children, welfare and the state (pp. 136–151). Sage Publications.Google Scholar

Department for International Development. (2005). Reducing poverty by tackling social exclusion: A DFID policy paper. http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http://www.dfid.gov.uk/Documents/publications/social-exclusion.pdf Google Scholar

Desai, M. (2010). A rights-based preventative approach for psychosocial well-being in childhood, Series on Children’s Well-Being: Indicators and Research. Springer.Google Scholar

Desai, M. (2018). Introduction to rights-based direct practice with children, A CRY Series of Sourcebooks on Rights-Based Direct Practice with Children. Springer Nature.Google Scholar

Desai, M. (2019). Rights-based integrated service delivery systems for child protection: secondary and tertiary prevention, A CRY Series of Sourcebooks on Rights-Based Direct Practice with Children. Springer Nature.Google Scholar

Downs, S. W., Moore, E., & McFadden, E. J. (2009). Child welfare and family services: Policies and practice, (8th ed.). Pearson AandB.Google Scholar

ECPAT. (2006). Protecting children from sexual exploitation & sexual violence in disaster & emergency situations: A guide for local & Community based Organisations, ECPAT International, Bangkok. http://www.preventionweb.net/files/2709_protectingchildren.pdf Google Scholar

ECPAT. (2014). The commercial sexual exploitation of children in South Asia: Developments, progress, challenges and recommended strategies for civil society. www.ecpat.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Regional%20CSEC%20Overview_South%20Asia.pdf Google Scholar

ECPAT International. (2016). Terminology guidelines for the protection of children from sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. Bangkok. http://luxembourgguidelines.org/Google Scholar

ECPAT International, Plan International, Save the Children, UNICEF, & World Vision. (2014). National child protection systems in the East Asia and Pacific Region: A review and analysis of mappings and assessments, Bangkok: ECPAT International. https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/library/national-child-protection-systems-east-asia-and-pacific-region-review-and-analysis-mappings Google Scholar

EU Canada Project. (2003). Child welfare across borders. www.sws.soton.ac.uk/cwab/index.htm Google Scholar

EveryChild. (2011). Fostering better care: Improving foster care provision around the world. Positive care choices: Working paper 2. www.crin.org/docs/FosteringBetterCare Google Scholar

Gallacher, L., & Kehily, M. J. (2013). Childhood: A sociocultural approach. In Kehily, M. J. (Ed.), Understanding Childhood: A cross-disciplinary approach (2nd ed., pp. 211–266). The Polity Press.CrossRef Google Scholar

Global Education Cluster, Global Protection Cluster, INEE, & Inter-Agency Standing Committee. (2011). Guidelines for child friendly spaces in emergencies. www.unicef.org/protection/Child_Friendly_Spaces_Guidelines_for_Field_Testing.pdf Google Scholar

Griffin, S. (2008). Inclusion, equality and diversity in working with children. Pearson Education Limited.Google Scholar

Hess, K. M., & Drowns, R.W. (2004). Juvenile justice. Thomson Wadsworth.Google Scholar

Hong, S. (2007). Child protection programme strategy toolkit. UNICEF East Asia and Pacific Regional Office. www.unicef.org/eapro/Protection_Toolkit_all_Parts.pdf Google Scholar

Howard, R., Humphrey, L., Rist, C., Rosen, B., & Tivol, L. (2010). From piggy banks to prosperity: A guide to implementing children’s savings accounts. SEED. http://cfed.org/assets/pdfs/Piggy_Banks_to_Prosperity.pdf Google Scholar

An Interagency Modular Training Package. (2008). Introduction to child protection in emergencies.Google Scholar

Inter-Agency Standing Committee. (2007). IASC guidelines on mental health and psychosocial support in emergency settings. Geneva. www.who.int/mental_health/emergencies/guidelines_iasc_mental_health_psychosocial_june_2007.pdf Google Scholar

Inter-Agency Standing Committee. (2011). IASC operational guidelines on the protection of persons in situations of natural disasters, The Brookings-Bern Project on Internal Displacement. https://docs.unocha.org/sites/dms/Documents/Operational%20Guidelines.pdf Google Scholar

International Bureau for Children’s Rights. (2010). Children and armed conflict: A guide to international humanitarian and human rights law. Montreal: Author. www.essex.ac.uk/armedcon/story_id/000911.pdf Google Scholar

International Committee of the Red Cross. (2004). Inter-agency guiding principles on unaccompanied and separated children. Geneva: Author. www.unicef.org/protection/IAG_UASCs.pdf Google Scholar

International Labor Organization. (2008). Commercial sexual exploitation of children and adolescents The ILO’s response. www.ilo.org/ipec/WCMS_100740/lang–en/index.htm Google Scholar

International Labour Organization (n.d.). What is child labour. www.ilo.org/ipec/facts/lang–en/index.htm Google Scholar

International Rescue Committee. (2012). Caring for child survivors of sexual abuse: Guidelines for health and psychosocial service providers in humanitarian settings. Author. www.unicef.org/pacificislands/IRC_CCSGuide_FullGuide_lowres.pdf Google Scholar

International Social Service & United Nations Children’s Fund. (2004). Joint working paper on improving protection for children without parental care: a call for international standards. Geneva. www.crin.org/docs/resources/treaties/crc.40/GDD_2005_CALL_FOR_INT_STANDARDS.pdf Google Scholar

Inter-Parliamentary Union & United Nations Children’s Fund. (2005). Combating child trafficking. www.unicef.org/ceecis/IPU_combattingchildtrafficking_GB.pdf Google Scholar

James, A., & James, A. (2004). Constructing childhood: Theory, policy and social practice. Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar

James, A., & James, A. (2012). Key concepts in childhood studies (2nd ed.). Sage.Google Scholar

Jans, M. (2004). Children as citizens: Towards a contemporary notion of child participation. Childhood, 11(1), 27–44.Google Scholar

Jones, G. (2009). Youth. Polity Press.Google Scholar

Kadushin, A., & Martin, J. A. (1988). Child welfare services (4th ed.). Macmillan Publishing. http://linc.nus.edu.sg:2084/record=b1220699 Google Scholar

Koramoa, J., Lynch, M. A., & Kinnair, D. (2002). A continuum of child-rearing: Responding to traditional practices. Child Abuse Review, 11(6), 415–421.Google Scholar

Korbin, J. E. (2003). Children, childhoods, and violence. Annual Review of Anthropology, 32, 431–446.Google Scholar

Le Francois, B. (2013). Adultism. www.researchgate.net/publication/280102266_Adultism Google Scholar

Lesser, J. G., & Pope, D. S. (2007). Human behavior and the social environment: Theory and practice. Pearson Allyn and Bacon.Google Scholar

Levison, D. (2000). Children as economic agents. Feminist Economics, 6(1), 125–134. www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/135457000337732 Google Scholar

Mitlin, D., & Hickey, S. (2009). Introduction. In Mitlin, D. & Hickey, S. (Eds.), Rights-based approach to development: Exploring the potential and pitfalls (pp. 3–20). Kumarian Press.Google Scholar

The National Center on Education, Disability and Juvenile Justice. (n.d.). Resources on prevention of delinquency. www.edjj.org/focus/prevention/Google Scholar

National Commission for Protection of Child Rights. (2010). Protocols for police and armed forces in contact with children in areas of civil unrest. http://ncpcr.gov.in/view_file.php?fid=464 Google Scholar

National Mental Health Association. (2004). mental health treatment for youth in the juvenile justice system: A compendium of promising practices. www.nmha.org/children/JJCompendiumofBestPractices.pdf.Google Scholar

Noh, J. E. (2018). Human rights-based child sponsorship: A case study of ActionAid. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-018-0010-2 Google Scholar

Parsons, R. J., Jorgensen, J. D., & Hernandez, S. H. (1994). The integration of social work practice. Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.Google Scholar

The Paris Principles. (2007). Principles and guidelines on children associated with armed forces or armed groups. www.unicef.org/mali/media/1561/file/ParisPrinciples.pdf Google Scholar

Pinheiro, S. (2006). World report on violence against children. Geneva. www.unicef.org/lac/full_tex(3).pdf Google Scholar

Popple, P. R., & Vecchiolla, F. (2007). Child welfare social work: An introduction. Pearson/Allyn and Bacon.Google Scholar

The Power of Labelling in Development Practice. (2006). IDS Policy Briefing, 28.Google Scholar

Ruddick, S. (2003). The politics of aging: Globalization and the restructuring of youth and childhood. Antipode: A Radical Journal of Geography, 35(2), 334–362.CrossRef Google Scholar

Save the Children. (2004). Separated children: Care & protection of children in emergencies: A field guide. https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/sites/default/files/documents/2692.pdf Google Scholar

Save the Children. (2005). The right not to lose hope: Children in conflict with the Law. London: Author. https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/node/3128/pdf/3128.pdf Google Scholar

Save the Children. (2006). Children and young people as citizens: Partners for social change: 2 Learning from experience. Sweden: Author. http://resourcecentre.savethechildren.se/library/children-and-young-people-citizens-partners-social-change-learning-experience-part-2 Google Scholar

Save the Children. (2009). Allies for change: Together against violence and abuse working with boys and men: A discussion paper for programmers and practitioners. Sweden: Author.Google Scholar

Save the Children. (2010a). A Last Resort: The Growing Concern about Children in Residential Care. Author. www.savethechildren.org.uk/sites/default/files/docs/A_last_resort_1.pdf Google Scholar

Save the Children. (2010b). Strengthening national child protection systems in emergencies through community-based mechanisms: A discussion paper. http://childprotectionforum.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2012/05/Community-mechanisms-in-emergencies.pdf Google Scholar

Save the Children. (2012). Child protection and child friendly justice: Lessons learned from programmes in Ethiopia: Executive summary. Addis Ababa: Author. http://resourcecentre.savethechildren.se/sites/default/files/documents/6054.pdf Google Scholar

Save the Children. (2013). Alternative care in emergencies toolkit. London: Author. www.unicef.org/protection/files/ace_toolkit_.pdf Google Scholar

Schwartz-Kenney, B. M., McCauley, M., & Epstein, M. A. (Eds.). (2000). Child abuse: A global view. Greenwood Press.Google Scholar

Sigelman, C. K., & Rider, E. A. (2006). Life-span human development (5th ed.). Thomson.Google Scholar

Special Representative of the Secretary General on Violence against Children. (2013). Toward a world free from violence: Global survey on violence against children. https://violenceagainstchildren.un.org/sites/violenceagainstchildren.un.org/files/documents/publications/towards_a_world_free_from_violence_global_survey_low_res_fa.pdf Google Scholar

SOS-Kinderdorf International. (2008). A child’s ‘right to a family’: Family-based childcare: The experience, learning and vision of SOS Children’s Villages: Position paper. www.sos-childrensvillages.org/getmedia/cfe77e1e-45e0-4585-9e76-72066d4a03cc/ChildsRighttoFamily.pdf?ext=.pdf Google Scholar

Thomas, Jr, M. P. (1972). Child abuse and neglect: Part I – Historical overview, legal matrix, and social perspectives. North Carolina Law Review, 50(2). http://scholarship.law.unc.edu/nclr/vol50/iss2/3 Google Scholar

Truong, T. D. (2001). Human trafficking and organised crime. www.researchgate.net/publication/5130620_Human_trafficking_and_organised_crime Google Scholar

United Nations [UNCRC]. (1989). Convention on the Rights of the Child. www.ohchr.org/english/law/pdf/crc.pdf Google Scholar

United Nations. (2000). Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons Especially Women and Children. www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/protocoltraffickinginpersons.aspx Google Scholar

United Nations. (2005). Guidelines on justice in matters involving child victims and witnesses of crime. www.un.org/ruleoflaw/files/UNGuidelinesChildVictimsWitnesses.pdf Google Scholar

United Nations. (2010). Guidelines for the alternative care of children. www.unicef.org/protection/alternative_care_Guidelines-English.pdf Google Scholar

United Nations. (2014). Preventing and eliminating child, early and forced marriage. https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G14/128/76/PDF/G1412876.pdf?OpenElement Google Scholar

United Nations Children’s Fund. (2004). Child protection: A handbook for parliamentarians. www.unicef.org/publications/index_21133.html Google Scholar

United Nations Children’s Fund. (2006). 1946–2006: Sixty years for children: A State of the World’s Children Special Report. www.unicef.org/publications/files/1946-2006_Sixty_Years_for_Children.pdf Google Scholar

United Nations Children’s Fund. (2009). Children and conflict in a changing world: Machel study 10-year strategic review. https://childrenandarmedconflict.un.org/publications/MachelStudy-10YearStrategicReview_en.pdf Google Scholar

United Nations Children’s Fund. (2011). Guidance for legislative reform on juvenile justice. Author. www.unicef.org/policyanalysis/files/Juvenile_justice_16052011_final.pdf Google Scholar

United Nations Children’s Fund. (2015). Teaching and learning about child rights. www.unicef.org/crc/index_30184.html Google Scholar

United Nations Children’s Fund. (2018). A practical guide for developing child friendly spaces. www.unicef.org/protection/A_Practical_Guide_to_Developing_Child_Friendly_Spaces_-_UNICEF_(1).pdf Google Scholar

United Nations Children’s Fund. (2017). A familiar face: Violence in the lives of children and adolescents. New York. file:///C:/Users/murli/Downloads/EVAC-Booklet-FINAL-10_31_17-high-res.pdfGoogle Scholar

United Nations Children’s Fund and the Global Coalition to End Child Poverty. (2017). A world free from child poverty. New York. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/index.php?page=view&type=400&nr=2434&menu=1515 Google Scholar

United Nations ECOSOC (2002). Resolution 2002/12. Basic principles on the use of restorative justice programmes in criminal matters. www.un.org/en/ecosoc/docs/2002/resolution%202002–12.pdf Google Scholar

United Nations General Assembly. (2007). UN General Assembly adopts powerful definition of child poverty. www.unicef.org/media/media_38003.html Google Scholar

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2008). Toolkit to Combat Trafficking in Persons. www.unodc.org/res/cld/bibliography/toolkit-to-combat-trafficking-in-persons_html/07-89375_Ebook1.pdf Google Scholar

United Nations Research Institute for Social Development [UNRISD]. (2010). Combating poverty and inequality: Structural change, social policy and politics. Geneva: Author. www.unrisd.org/publications/cpi Google Scholar

White, B. (2003). A world fit for children? Dies Natalis Address delivered on the occasion of the 51st anniversary of the Institute of Social Studies, The Hague, The Netherlands. http://lcms.eur.nl/iss/diesnatalis2003_WhiteOCR.pdf Google Scholar

The World Bank. (2006). World Development Report 2007: Development and the next generation. Washington, DC: Author. www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/IW3P/IB/2006/09/13/000112742_20060913111024/Rendered/PDF/359990WDR0complete.pdf Google Scholar

World Health Organization (2018). INSPIRE Handbook: action for implementing the seven strategies for ending violence against children. Geneva. www.who.int/publications/i/item/inspire-handbook-action-for-implementing-the-seven-strategies-for-ending-violence-against-children Google Scholar

World Health Organization [WHO]. (2020). Global status report on preventing violence against children 2020. file:///C:/Users/murli/Downloads/9789240006379-eng%20(1).pdfGoogle Scholar

World Health Organization, Wartrauma Foundation, & World Vision. (2011). Psychological first aid: Guide for field workers. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241548205_eng.pdf Google Scholar

Wyness, M. (2012). Childhood and Society (2nd ed.). Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar

Wyness, M., Harrison, L., & Buchanan, I. (2004). Childhood, politics and ambiguity: Towards an agenda for children’s political inclusion. Sociology, 38(1), 81–99.CrossRef Google Scholar

Accessibility standard: Unknown

Why this information is here

This section outlines the accessibility features of this content - including support for screen readers, full keyboard navigation and high-contrast display options. This may not be relevant for you.

Accessibility Information

Accessibility compliance for the HTML of this element is currently unknown and may be updated in the future.

Element contents

Child Welfare, Protection, and Justice

Summary

Keywords

Information

Access options

Element purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Accessibility standard: Unknown

Why this information is here

Accessibility Information

Save element to Kindle

Save element to Dropbox

Save element to Google Drive