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Index

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 December 2025

Vanessa Rampton
Vanessa Rampton
Affiliation:
University of St Gallen

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Making Medical Progress
History of a Contested Idea
 , pp. 230 - 236
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2025
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Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NC
This content is Open Access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence CC-BY-NC 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/cclicenses/

Index

Abelard, Peter, 42
agents, moral, 52–53, 110, 121
AIDS, 116, 154, 169
narratives, 116
air pollution, 181
Alma-Ata conference, 150
ancient Greece, 11, 36–37, 41, 43, 114
Angell, Marcia, 163
antibiotics, 19, 28, 30, 88, 134
anti-psychiatry movements, 125
antiquity, 30, 36, 46, 49
Arabic, 40, 43, 45
Aristotle, 39, 77
artificial intelligence (AI), 4, 31, 97, 100–101
assisted dying, 123–125
attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), 20
Augustine of Hippo, 40–41
Australia, 148
autonomy, 11, 105–106, 112–114, 118–119, 121, 129, 131
individual, 111, 114, 157
Kantian, 53, 105, 109–110
medicine’s era of, 114
of patients, 105, 110–111, 118, 134
relational, 115, 117–120, 141
Bacon, Francis, 46–48
Bacon, Roger, 45
Ball, Terence, 187
Barry, John, 172
Beauchamp, Thomas, 106
Begriffsgeschichte, 30
Benjamin, Walter, 64
Bergdolt, Klaus, 47
Berlin, Isaiah, 77
Betasamosake Simpson, Leanne, 185
Biggs, Hermann M., 63
bioethics, 7, 107–109, 111, 113, 120, 139–140
biomedicine, 7, 14, 30, 87–88, 102, 129, 160, 167
Black Report, the, 153
Blair, Tony, 134
Bookchin, Murray, 73
Boulder, Canadan, 174
Britain, 58
National Health Service (NHS), 132, 153
Brody, Howard, 112
Brooks, Rodney, 11–12
Broyard, Anatole, 124
Brundtland Report, 172
Bush, Vannevar, 67–68, 142
Butterfield, Herbert, 2
Byzantium, 43
Callahan, Daniel, 35, 164, 174–175
Canada, 6, 61, 148, 165, 170
cancer, 70, 84, 88, 91–92, 134
Candau, Marcolino G., 70
Canguilhem, Georges, 15
capabilities approach, 158
capitalism, 24, 62, 144, 159
Carson, Rachel, 73
Cassell, Eric, 12, 110
Chamberlin, Judith, 128
Chan Zuckerberg Foundation, 88
Charlton, Bruce, 90
Charon, Rita, 116
Chartres, Bernard of, 44
China, 165
Christianity, 40–44, 48, 51, 54
medieval, 42, 48
climate change, 2, 19, 170, 176, 179, 181
Clinton, Bill, 134
cochlear implants, 125, 127
Cold War, 68, 108, 146, 186
Collins, Francis, 134
Commission on Social Determinants of Health, 142, 160
Compton, Karl Taylor, 68
Comte, Auguste, 56–59, 63
Condorcet, Marquis de, 50–51, 54
Cooter, Roger, 69
Copernicus, 45, 115
Cordain, Loren, 181
COVID-19 pandemic, 104, 129, 143, 165–169, 181–183
Croatia, 167
Cuba, 167
Daniels, Norman, 148–149, 159
Dart Jr, Justin, 126
Darwin, 57. See also Social Darwinism
Daumier, Honoré, 60
DDT, chemical, 69
de Vreese, Leen, 96
deafness, 127
death, 1, 35, 40, 53, 80, 88, 119, 125, 184
acceptance of, 43
and cancer, 92
elimination of, 51, 70, 184
and freedom, 122–125
good, 20, 124
in hospital, 122
and inequality, 145, 156
premature, 113, 138
and progress, 108
rates, 63, 122, 145
democracy, 24, 107, 184–185
Descartes, René, 47, 54, 145
determinism, historical, 160
Devisch, Ignaas, 94
diabetes, 161
Diamond, Jared, 176
Diderot, Denis, 51
diet, 84, 162–163
disability, 15, 19, 125–126, 156
Disabilities Act, 126
medical, 127
psychiatric, 127
rights, 112, 125–127
social model of, 15
disease
infectious, 59, 72, 183
rare, 9, 164
Djulbegovic, Benjamin, 94
DNA, 1, 134
Douglas, J. W. B., 146
Dubos, René, 71–74, 175
Dumit, Joseph, 90
Edelstein, Ludwig, 36–37
Eisenberg, Leon, 69
Eisenhower, Dwight, 70
Engel, George L., 14
Engels, Friedrich, 16, 62
enhancement, 121, 137–141
Enlightenment, 18, 49–51, 53–56, 66, 79, 87, 106, 141, 171
medical, 53
ETH Zürich, 136
evidence-based medicine (EBM), 31, 93–96
Faber, Knud, 59
Faden, Ruth, 106
Fauci, Anthony, 167
Fendall, N. R. E., 150
Feyerabend, Paul, 76
Fissell, Mary, 49
Fleck, Ludwik, 64, 76
Flexner Report, 61
Foucault, Michel, 22, 81–82
Fox, Renée, 75
France, 58–59
Frank, Arthur, 117
Frankel, Charles, 34
Franklin, Benjamin, 54
Freeden, Michael, 63
freedom, 31, 53, 104–109, 111–131, 134–135, 138–141, 170
negative, 105–106, 110, 114, 120
positive, 105, 109, 115, 117, 135, 138, 158
ringers (Freiheitstrychler), 130
terminology of, 105, 142
Fuller, Steve, 79
Galen, 29, 40, 44–45
Galenism, 43
Garland-Thomson, Rosemarie, 139
Gaudillière, Jean-Paul, 169
Gawande, Atul, 17
Gawdat, Mo, 98
Gay, Peter, 46, 51
genomic, 1, 161
enhancement, 137
medicine, 31, 136
research, 134
technologies, 136
germ theory, 71–72, 107
Germany, 58–59
Gluckman, Peter, 58
Goodman, Melody, 136
Google, 98, 135
Gracia, Diego, 111
Great Depression, 61
Green, Stefanie, 124
Griffiths, Simon, 144
Gunter, Jen, 91
Guyatt, Gordon, 93–94
Guzzella, Lino, 136
Haller, Albrecht von, 55
Hanson, Mark, 12
Harding, Sandra, 83
Harris, John, 138
Harvey, William, 48
health
biopsychosocial, 3, 9, 14, 16, 33, 71, 146
determinants of, 144, 152–153, 156, 162
ecological, 175, 178
‘health for all’, 142, 147, 151
inequalities, 6, 32, 100, 142, 145–146, 156, 164, 169
justice, 32, 142–143, 147–148, 150–151, 153–154, 156, 158, 162–164, 166
mental, 14, 60, 108, 125, 128, 180
perfect, 39
progress, 30, 70, 142, 151, 154, 156, 159, 162
healthcare
access, 147–149, 164, 169
costs, 6, 160, 164, 186
green, 175, 183
primary, 147, 150–151
public, 59, 147
unsustainable, 175
Herder, Johann Gottfried von, 54
Hesiod, 37
Hinton, Geoffrey, 99
Hippocrates, 29, 37, 48, 60
English, 48
Hippocratic–Galenic tradition, 40, 180
Hippocratism, 37–40, 48–49, 61, 180
history
philosophy of, 40, 51, 64
progressive, 44
Whig, 2
Hobhouse, L. T., 63
Hobson, J. A., 63
Hodgkin, Paul, 87, 93
Honneth, Axel, 25, 157
Horton, Richard, 102
Huber, Jakob, 25
Hughes, Stuart, 101
human universals, 13
Hutchins, Robert M., 70
iatrophysicists, 48
ibn Sina (Avicenna), 43
Illich, Ivan, 80–81
injustice, social, 140, 143, 149, 156–157, 160
intensive care units, 19, 122, 166
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 179
Iran, 166
Islam, 43
Italy, 128
Izambert, Caroline, 169
Jameton, Andrew, 174
Jaspers, Karl, 65
Jenner, Edward, 183
Jonas, Hans, 120
justice, 139, 142, 147, 158–159, 161
and freedom, 138–139, 141
and medical ethics, 105, 114
Rawlsian, 148
social, 32, 143–144, 148, 157, 161, 163, 170
sufficientarian, 147
Juven, Pierre-André, 169
Kalanithi, Paul, 91
Kamm, Frances, 163
Kant, Immanuel, 52–53, 105, 109–110, 113
Kaplan, Abraham, 109
Kelvin, William, 99
Kickbusch, Ilona, 178
Klee, Paul, 64
knowledge
biomedical, 17, 66–67, 74, 79, 85, 87, 102, 140, 153–154
exploding, 97–98
integrated, 100
moral, 109
probabilistic, 95, 136
progress of, 64, 66–67, 76, 87, 97, 106
Koch, Robert, 60
Koselleck, Reinhart, 34
Kuhn, Thomas, 76–78
Lasch, Christopher, 2, 54, 171
Latin, 41, 43
Latour, Bruno, 169
Laudan, Larry, 76
Le Clerc, Daniel, 51
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, 49
liberalism, 62, 78, 107, 172, 177
life expectancy, 123, 153–155, 159, 170
limits
environmental, 32, 175, 177
to knowledge, 72
Lister, Joseph, 29, 60
Lomasky, Loren, 148
Lyotard, Jean-François, 79
MacGregor, Gordon, 146
Macklin, Ruth, 6
Magalhães, Susana, 118
Mahler, Halfdan, 151
Malinowski, Bronisław, 76
Marmot, Michael, 157, 167, 169
Martin, Adrienne, 18
Marx, Karl, 144, 171
Marya, Rupa, 161
McGill University, 104
McKeown, Thomas, 152–153
McKibben, Bill, 171
McKinlay, John B., 152
medical education, 14, 89–90, 105
medical ethics, 105–106, 108, 118, 131
medical humanities, 27
medical nihilism, 60, 80
medicina, 43
medicine
alternative, 6, 89, 129
atomic, 70
Chinese, 7
commodification of, 80, 186
digital, 105, 133, 141
equitable, 20, 136
goals of, 2–4, 6–7, 13, 20, 88, 161, 170, 183
historians of, 8, 26, 29, 116
history of, 26, 28, 35, 48, 62, 67, 71, 98, 113, 145
humoral, 38, 48, 180
narrative, 117
neonatal, 19
personalized, 133–137, 161, 177
postmodern, 89
preventative, 81, 135
socialized, 62, 145, 164
sustainable, 174, 178, 183–184
Western, 1, 7, 17, 30, 69, 74, 85, 99, 105, 125
Meier, Christian, 50
Middle Ages, 40, 43–44, 47
molecular revolution, 133
Mondeville, Henri de, 44–45
Montréal, 133, 165, 168
multi-dimensionality, 13, 30, 105, 170, 186
Murray, Stuart J., 94
narrative ethics, 15, 116
Nash, Linda, 174
nature, 47–48, 106, 175–176, 181, 183–185
ambivalence of, 119
constructed, 179, 183
end of, 171
and health, 32, 55, 176, 179–180
imitation of, 39
mastery over, 51, 54, 65, 175
and progress, 180–181
progressive, 51–53, 57
representation of, 77
therapy, 180
nazism, 107
negative eugenics, 58
new optimists, 24
New Zealand, 148
Newell, Kenneth, 16
Newton, Isaac, 45
Newton, Warren, 95
Nietzsche, Friedrich, 60, 81
Nisbet, Robert, 5, 19, 34, 49, 61
Noll, Peter, 124
nuclear era, 70, 108
Nuremberg Code, 107
Nussbaum, Martha, 139, 158
Obama, Barack, 134
Oreskes, Naomi, 23
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), 3, 6, 168
Osler, William, 26
Osterhausen, Johann Karl, 53
palliative care, 18, 122–124
Paracelsus, 48
Parsons, Talcott, 75–76
Pasteur, Louis, 60
Patel, Raj, 161
patient
autonomy. See autonomy, of patients
consumer, 135, 137
digitally engaged, 132
empowered, 31
patient-centred history, 128
and personhood, 10, 60, 114
PatientsLikeMe, 132
Peabody, Francis, 63
penicillin, 5, 19, 62, 69
personhood, 9–10, 12–13, 16, 30, 63, 65, 104–106, 110–111, 174–176, 186
dimensions of, 10, 65
and health, 13, 16
holistic, 63, 104, 110
integrated approach to, 12–13, 111
and progress, 30, 106
physica, 44
Pickett, Kate, 160
Pierce, Jessica, 174–175, 178
Pinker, Steven, 24, 104
Plumwood, Val, 175
population health, 86, 149, 153, 164, 170
Porter, Dorothy, 115
Porter, Roy, 28, 115
postmodernism, 22, 66, 79
Potter, Van Rensselaer, 109
Precision Medicine Initiative, 134
profectus, 41, 49
progress
access to, 144
biomedical, 116, 124, 138, 164
challenges to, 76, 80, 104, 108–109, 161
dimensions of, 165, 179, 183, 186. See also multi-dimensionality
economic, 4, 171
epistemological, 66, 77, 82, 92
first-order, 5
green medical, 174–176
of health, 32, 151
historical, 49, 52, 56, 59, 171
historiography of, 22
human, 37, 46, 69, 132, 145, 160, 173
inflationary, 186
as justice, 142, 159, 165
and liberation, 120, 137, 140
linear, 7, 26–27, 169, 174
meaningful, 9, 116, 118, 153
measuring, 20–21, 82
moral, 6, 25, 158
non-linear, 185
open-ended, 4, 32, 51, 56, 71, 120, 175, 177
political, 25, 59
rhetoric, 2, 9, 30–31, 35, 153, 166
scientific, 54, 57, 62, 64–65, 68, 75–76, 78, 80–83, 85–86, 96, 102–104, 108–109, 165–166
scientific and human, 102
scientific and medical, 82, 85–86, 126
scientific and problem-solving, 96
scientific displaced, 80
scientific knowledge, 71, 75, 86
second-order, 18
social, 58, 62–63, 144–147, 164–165
sustainable, 32, 173
technological, 4–6, 12, 25, 31, 63, 105, 117–122, 124–125, 141, 148, 166
terminology of, 4, 16, 25, 35–36, 142, 172. See also profectus; progressus
trap, 177
progressivism, 144
neo-, 25
progressus, 36, 41, 50
Protestantism, 48
public health, 15, 151, 166
global, 129, 179
racism, 14, 58, 142, 155, 161–162
Ramsey, Paul, 110
randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 94–96
Rawls, John, 148
relationship, patient–physician, 107, 110, 115, 135, 137
relativism, 22, 28, 71, 78, 87, 93
Ritchie, D. G., 63
Rogoff, Ken, 159
Roman Empire, 40, 171
Romantic thinkers, 54, 180
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 67
Rose, Nikolas, 113
Rosenberg, Charles, 28
Rosenberg, Lawrence, 133
Rosenkrantz, Barbara, 169
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 55, 180
Russia, 166
Sackett, David, 94
Saint Victor’s, Hugh of, 43
Saint-Pierre, Abbé de, 50
Sand, René, 145–146
Sarton, Georges, 64
Satel, Sally, 163
Saunders, Cicely, 123
Schwab, Aurore, 173
science
philosophy of, 23, 76
progressive, 26
Seigel, Jerrold, 10
self-determination, 11, 53, 104–105, 109, 114, 127, 141
selfhood, 10–11, 36, 141. See also personhood
self-mastery, 106–107
Sen, Amartya, 158
Seneca, 123
Sève, Lucien, 121
Shapin, Steven, 29
Siegler, Mark, 114
Sigerist, Henry, 62, 145
Simon, Jeremy, 88
Smith, Adam, 54
Smith, Christian, 12
smoking, 84, 92, 162–163
Social Darwinism, 57–58
socialism, 62, 144, 159
Solomon, Miriam, 9
Sorel, Georges, 64
Spencer, Herbert, 57, 61
Štampar, Andrija, 145
Starr, Paul, 69
Stehr, Nico, 86
sustainability, 173–174, 176, 181–183
and democracy, 185
development toward, 172–173, 178
discourse around, 174
and justice, 157, 169
power of, 173
problems of, 174, 185
and progress, 171, 173–174, 178, 183
Sweeney, Peter, 97–98
Switzerland, 6, 124, 130, 145, 166
Sydenham, Thomas, 48, 59
Szreter, Simon, 153
Teggart, F. J., 37
Thailand, 167
thought styles, 64
Topol Review, 132
Trump, Donald, 168
truth
competing visions of, 78
medical, 83, 93
objective, 22, 64, 77
and science, 76, 95
universalizable, 88
Turgot, Anne Robert Jacques, 50
uncertainty, 75–76
new, 20
pervasive, 87, 89
United Nations, 3, 70, 173
United States, 61, 68, 76, 134, 168
Unzicker, Rae, 128
vaccines, 5, 57, 80, 128–131, 144, 153, 165
campaigns for, 131
compulsory, 129
hesitancy toward, 129–130
van Doren, Charles, 34
Varga, Somogy, 131
Veatch, Robert, 113
Venkatapuram, Sridhar, 158
Vesalius, Andreas, 48
Vietnam, 167
Virchow, Rudolf, 59, 144
Voltaire, 56
von Braun, Wernher, 68
Walter, Hubert, Archbishop of Canterbury, 42
war, 2, 64, 67–69, 88, 92
Warner, John Harley, 28
Weber, Max, 63
WebMD, 132
Weinberg, Robert, 92
Whitehead, Cynthia, 98
Wilkinson, Richard, 155, 160
Williams, Bernard, 148
Wissensgeschichte, 66
Wootton, David, 29
World Health Organization (WHO), 3, 15–16, 70, 145–146, 150–152, 156
World War I, 61
World War II, 67, 107
Wright, Ronald, 176–177
Wu, John, 96
Xenophanes, 37
Zuckerberg, Mark, 4
Zusammenhangwissen, 100

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  • Index
  • Vanessa Rampton, University of St Gallen
  • Book: Making Medical Progress
  • Online publication: 12 December 2025
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009602662.008
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  • Index
  • Vanessa Rampton, University of St Gallen
  • Book: Making Medical Progress
  • Online publication: 12 December 2025
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009602662.008
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  • Index
  • Vanessa Rampton, University of St Gallen
  • Book: Making Medical Progress
  • Online publication: 12 December 2025
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009602662.008
Available formats
×