Hostname: page-component-6766d58669-nqrmd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2026-05-24T16:24:05.640Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Long-Term Evolution of the Government–Third Sector Partnership in Italy: Old Wine in a New Bottle?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2026

Costanzo Ranci
Costanzo Ranci*
Affiliation:
Polytechnic of Milan, Milan, Italy
*
costanzo.ranci@polimi.it
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

In Italy, the development of the human social service field has been grounded in a peculiar type of government–third sector partnership. This article identifies the main features of such partnership and reconstructs its evolution in a long-term perspective. The main argument is that in Italy this partnership, historically based on particularism and political patronage, has gradually shifted towards a model combining market logic and participatory orientation. State regulation has been paradoxically strengthened in order to allow more transparency, freedom of choice, and effective joint planning. However, the lack of financial and technical resources exposes this new system to old style local arrangements.

Résumé

Résumé

En Italie, le développement du domaine des services sociaux trouve son origine dans un type particulier de partenariat entre le gouvernement et le troisième secteur. Cet article identifie les principales caractéristiques de ce partenariat et reconstitue son évolution dans une perspective à long terme. La principale thèse est, qu’en Italie, ce partenariat, fondé historiquement sur le particularisme et le favoritisme politique, s’est déplacé progressivement vers un modèle combinant la logique du marché et l’orientation participative. Les règlementations de l’État ont été paradoxalement renforcées afin de permettre davantage de transparence, de liberté de choix et une planification commune efficace. Cependant, le manque de ressources financières et techniques soumet ce nouveau système à d’anciennes mesures locales.

Zusammenfassung

Zusammenfassung

Die Entwicklung des Sozialdienstleistungsbereichs in Italien ist in einer besonderen Art von Beziehung zwischen der Regierung und dem Dritten Sektor verankert. Dieser Beitrag identifiziert die wesentlichen Merkmale dieser Partnerschaft und rekonstruiert ihre Entwicklung aus einer langfristigen Perspektive. Das Hauptargument ist, dass sich diese Partnerschaft in Italien, die historisch auf Partikularismus und politischer Patronage beruht, allmählich in Richtung eines Modells bewegt hat, das Marktlogik und partizipatorische Orientierung vereint. Paradoxerweise wurde die staatliche Regulierung gestärkt, um eine erhöhte Transparenz, Entscheidungsfreiheit und effektive gemeinsame Planung zu ermöglichen. Allerdings setzen fehlende finanzielle und technische Ressourcen dieses neue System lokalen Regelungen nach altem Stil aus.

Resumen

Resumen

En Italia, el desarrollo del campo de los servicios sociales se ha basado en un tipo peculiar de asociación gobierno-sector terciario. El presente artículo identifica las principales características de dicha asociación y reconstruye su evolución en una perspectiva a largo plazo. El principal argumento es que en Italia, esta asociación basada históricamente en el particularismo y en el patrocinio político, ha cambiado gradualmente a un modelo que combina la lógica del mercado y la orientación participativa. La reglamentación estatal se ha visto fortalecida paradójicamente con el fin de permitir más transparencia, libertad de elección y planificación conjunta efectiva. Sin embargo, la falta de recursos financieros y técnicos expone este nuevo sistema a los acuerdos locales al viejo estilo.

摘 要

摘 要

在意大利,人类社会服务领域的发展一直根植于政府和第三方的某种合作关系,本文指出了这种关系的主要特点并重构其长期演变进程, 文章的主要观点是, 在意大利,这种基于特殊主义和 政治庇护历史渊源的 合作关系 已经逐渐转变 为一种市场逻辑与 参与取向相结合的模式。为了增加透明性、实现选择自由和有效的联合规划, 国家规定的地位相反得到加强。 但是, 由于缺乏金融和技术资源 ,这个新的体系还存在 旧式的局部安排。

要約

要約

イタリアの社会福祉分野では、行政の第三セクターのパートナーシップが独自に発展している。本論文では、そのようなパートナーシップの特徴を識別して、長期的な視点からその進展を再構築する。主な論点は、個別主義と政治後援に基づいた歴史的なイタリアのパートナーシップが、市場論理と参加型の方向性を組み合わせたモデルに徐々に移行してきたことである。州法は、透明性、選択と効果的な共同企画の自由を許可するために逆説的に強化されてきた。しかし財政および技術的な資源不足は、新しいシステムを地域における従来の手法に適用させる。

ملخص

ملخص

تطوير مجال الخدمة الاجتماعية البشري في إيطاليا قد أسس في نوع غريب من الشراكة بين القطاع الثلث- الحكومة. تحدد هذه المقالة الملامح الرئيسية لهذه الشراكة وتعيد تطورها في منظور طويل الأجل. الجدل الرئيسي هو أن في إيطاليا هذه الشراكة، تاريخيا” تعتمدعلى المصلحة الخاصة والمحسوبية السياسية، تحولت تدريجيا” نحو نموذج يجمع بين منطق السوق والتوجه التشاركي. تنظيم الدولة قد تم تعزيزه بشكل متناقض من أجل السماح للمزيد من الشفافية وحرية الإختيار والتخطيط المشترك الفعال. مع ذلك، فإن نقص الموارد المالية والفنية يفضح هذا النظام الجديد بسبب الترتيبات المحلية من الطراز القديم.

Keywords

Third sectorItalyPartnershipSocial policyWelfare mix

Information

Type
Original Paper
Information
Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations , Volume 26 , Issue 6 , December 2015 , pp. 2311 - 2329
Copyright
Copyright © International Society for Third-Sector Research and The Johns Hopkins University 2015

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

Footnotes

This paper is part of the Special Issue: Unlikely Partners? Evolving Government-Nonprofit Relationships, East and West, edited by Lester M. Salamon.

This article was prepared within the framework of a subsidy granted to the National Research University Higher School of Economics, Russian Federation by the Government of the Russian Federation for the implementation of the Global Competitiveness Program. None of the organizations with which the authors are affiliated or that have supported their work bears any responsibility for any errors or views expressed here. That is the author’s own responsibility.

An erratum to this article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11266-016-9797-x.

References

Ascoli, U., Pavolini, E., & Ranci, C. (2003). The new partnership: The changing relationship between state and the third sector in Italy. In Ascoli, U. & Ranci, C. (Eds.), Dilemmas of the welfare mix. New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Ascoli, U., & Ranci, C. (Eds.). (2003). Dilemmas of the welfare mix. New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Baldini, M., Bosi, P., & Toso, S. (2002). Targeting welfare in Italy: Old problems and perspectives on reform. Fiscal Studies, 23(1), 51–75. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-5890.2002.tb00054.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barbetta, P. (Ed.). (1997). The nonprofit sector in Italy. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Bifulco, L., & Cementeri, L. (2008). Governance and participation in local welfare: The case of the Italian “Piani di Zona’’ (Area Plans). Social Policy & Administration, 42(3), 211–227. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9515.2007.00593.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bifulco, L., & Vitale, T. (2006). Contracting for welfare services in Italy. Journal of Social Policy, 35(3), 495–513. doi: 10.1017/S0047279406009895.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borzaga, C., & Defourny, J. (Eds.). (2001). The emergence of social enterprise. London: Routledge.10.4324/9780203164679CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borzaga, C., & Fazzi, L. (2011). Processes of institutionalization and differentiation in the Italian third sector. Voluntas, 22(3), 409–427. doi: 10.1007/s11266-010-9159-z.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borzaga, C., & Galera, G. (2012). The concept and practice of social enterprise: Lessons from the Italian experience. International Review of Social Research, 2(2), 85–102. doi: 10.1515/irsr-2012-0019.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borzaga, C., & Santuari, A. (2000). Social enterprises in Italy: The experience of social co-operatives. ISSAN Working Papers No. 15. Trento: Institute for Development Studies of Nonprofit Enterprises.Google Scholar
Cartocci, R., & Maconi, F. (Eds.). (2006). White paper on the third sector. Bologna: Il Mulino.Google Scholar
Eurostat. (2015). Labour force survey online database. Accessed 21 July 2015. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/lfs/data/database.Google Scholar
Fazzi, L. (2009). The democratization of welfare between rhetoric and reality: Local planning, participation, and third sector in Italy. Journal of Civil Society, 5(2), 187–203. doi: 10.1080/17448680903154931.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Galera, G., & Borzaga, C. (2009). Social Enterprise: An international overview of its conceptual evolution and legal implementation. Social Enterprise Journal, 5(3), 210–228. doi: 10.1108/17508610911004313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ISTAT, Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (2001). Primo censimento delle istituzioni e delle imprese nonprofit, statistiche in breve (Initial survey of nonprofit institutions and businesses, statistics in focus). Rome: ISTAT.Google Scholar
ISTAT, Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (2014). The profile of non-profit institutions in light of the last census. Rome: ISTAT.Google Scholar
Le Grand, J. (1991). Quasi-markets and social policy. The Economic Journal, 101(408), 1256–1267. doi: 10.2307/2234441.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paci, M. (1989). Public and private in modern welfare systems. Napoli: Liguori.Google Scholar
Pasquinelli, S. (1993). Italy: Towards an unplanned partnership. In Kramer, R. K. (Ed.), Privatisation in four European countries. New York: M.E. Sharpe.Google Scholar
Pavolini, E. (2003). The new social policies: The welfare systems between institutions and civil society. Bologna: Il Mulino.Google Scholar
Pavolini, E., & Ranci, C. (2008). Restructuring the welfare state: Reforms in long-term care in Western European countries. Journal of European Social Policy, 18(3), 246–259. doi: 10.1177/0958928708091058.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perlmutter, T. (1991). Italy: Why no voluntary sector?. In Wuthnow, R. (Ed.), Between states and markets: The voluntary sector in comparative perspective. Princeton University Press: Princeton.Google Scholar
Ranci, C. (1994). The third sector in welfare policies in Italy: The contradictions of a protected market. Voluntas, 5(3), 247–271. doi: 10.1007/BF02354035.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ranci, C. (2001). Altruism in voluntary organizations: Mobilization and transformation of voluntary action in Italy. In Giugni, M. & Passy, F. (Eds.), Political altruism? Solidarity movements in international perspective. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
Ranci, C. (2003). The mixed economy of social care in Europe. In Ascoli, U. & Ranci, C. (Eds.), Dilemmas of the welfare mix. New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Ranci, C., & Costa, G. (1999). Dimensioni e caratteristiche delle IPAB: Un quadro nazionale (Size and Characteristics of the IPAB: A national framework). Roma: Ministero degli Interni.Google Scholar
Ranci, C., & Montagnini, E. (2010). The impact of commodification of social care on the role and identity of the third sector in Italy. In Evers, A. & Zimmer, A. (Eds.), Third sector organizations facing turbulent environments. Nomos: Baden-Baden.Google Scholar
Ranci, C., Pellegrino, M., & Pavolini, E. (2009). The third sector and the policy process in Italy: Between mutual accommodation and new forms of (blurred) partnership. In Kendall, J. (Ed.), Handbook on third sector policy in Europe: Multi-level processes and organized civil society. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.Google Scholar
Ranci, C., & Popolizio, M. (2013). L’impatto del federalismo fiscale sull’assetto del sistema integrato dei servizi sociali (The impact of fiscal federalism on set of the integrated system of social services). In Kazepov, Y. & Barberis, E. (Eds.), Il welfare frammentato: Le articolazioni regionali delle politiche sociali Italiane. Rome: Carocci.Google Scholar
Ranci, C., & Sabatinelli, S. (2013). Long term and child care policies in Italy between familism and privatisation. In Leon, M. (Ed.), The transformation of care in european societies. London: Palgrave MacMillan.Google Scholar
Salamon, L. M. (Ed.). (2002). The tools of government: A guide to the new governance. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Salamon, L. M., & Sokolowski, S. W.Associates (2004). Global civil society: Dimensions of the nonprofit sector (Vol. Two). Greenwood, CT: Kumarian Press.Google Scholar
Van Hooren, F. J. (2012). Varieties of migrant care work: Comparing patterns of migrant labour in social care. Journal of European Social Policy, 22(2), 133–147. doi: 10.1177/0958928711433654.CrossRefGoogle Scholar