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Monitoring of chlorantraniliprole resistance and ryanodine receptor analysis in Phthorimaea absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) from Türkiye

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 February 2026

Abdullah Emre Atış Open the ORCID record for Abdullah Emre Atış [Opens in a new window] ,
Emre İnak ,
Selçuk Ulusoy Open the ORCID record for Selçuk Ulusoy [Opens in a new window]  and
Ali Ergül
Abdullah Emre Atış*
Affiliation:
Plant Protection Central Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Ankara, Türkiye Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye
Emre İnak
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye
Selçuk Ulusoy
Affiliation:
Biological Control Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Adana, Türkiye
Ali Ergül
Affiliation:
Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye
*
Corresponding author: Abdullah Emre Atış; Email: emreatis15@gmail.com
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Abstract

The South American tomato pinworm, Phthorimaea absoluta, is a major global tomato pest, and its control relies on insecticides. However, P. absoluta has developed resistance to most insecticides, leading to control failure under field conditions. Chlorantraniliprole, a diamide insecticide, has been widely employed in spraying programs. Nevertheless, the current status of chlorantraniliprole resistance in P. absoluta has not been well examined in Türkiye. This study investigated chlorantraniliprole resistance and the associated mechanisms in field populations of P. absoluta. Toxicity assays revealed that P. absoluta developed moderate to high levels of resistance (13.8- to 97.7-fold) to chlorantraniliprole. Biochemical assays showed a significant correlation between cytochrome P450 monooxygenase activity and resistance (R2 = 0.677, P < 0.05). Although no significant association was found between ryanodine receptor (RyR) expression levels and resistance (R2 = 0.145, P < 0.05), several known target-site mutations (I4746M/K and G4903E/V) were identified. Lastly, the P. absoluta RyR (PaRyR) gene sequence was characterised, revealing a 15,633-bp open reading frame encoding 5,121 amino acid residues, with 78% sequence identity to RyR isoforms from other insects. PaRyR was predicted to embrace all the hallmarks of RyR, including a well-conserved C-terminal domain, six transmembrane domains, and a large N-terminal domain. These findings provide insights into chlorantraniliprole resistance mechanisms and will inform future resistance management strategies in P. absoluta.

Keywords

insecticide resistancemetabolic resistanceresistance mechanismresistance monitoringryanodine receptor

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Research Paper
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Bulletin of Entomological Research , First View , pp. 1 - 10
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© The Author(s), 2026. Published by Cambridge University Press.

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