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Delusions as 'wrong beliefs': a conceptual history: commentary, Ghalib

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 March 2025

Saad F. Ghalib*
Affiliation:
Behavioural Sciences Pavilion, Abu Dhabi, UAE
*
Correspondence: Saad F. Ghalib. Email: saadghalib@yahoo.co.uk
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Abstract

Information

Type
Commentary
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Royal College of Psychiatrists

Response

Back in 1991, Professor German BerriosReference Berrios1 suggested that delusions are not beliefs as commonly held, but rather empty speech acts with no intentional import. In this commentary, it is proposed that delusions can best be represented as states of high entropy or alternatively states of inefficient information. Incidentally, the latter would explain the tendency of delusions to resist evidence to the contrary, simply because of the fact that a high-entropy system is a system in equilibrium; hence, all potential inferences are equally probable. Moreover, in a high-entropy system, complexity tends to diminish significantly; therefore, its capacity to incorporate novelty is drastically reduced.

It may well have taken language a few thousand years to escape the omnipotent influence of the right cerebral hemisphere (superstitions, Gods, passivity, hearing voices) in order to access the realm of metaphor and consciousness,Reference Jaynes2 thereby acquiring some degree of complexity. However, the complexity potential could be hastily reduced in response to adversity (psychological or physiological), with a paradoxical increase in inefficient information (high entropy). It ought to be emphasised, however, that this analysis works best when it is based on the notion of language rather than the vague notion of thoughts. Psychopathology is inherently language-based and most probably an ancient phase predating the development of metaphor and complexity, not the other way round as often claimed.

Data availability

Data availability is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analysed in this study.

Funding

This study received no specific grant from any funding agency, or commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

Declaration of interest

None.

References

Berrios, GE. Delusions as 'wrong beliefs': a conceptual history. Br J Psychiatry 1991; 159(Suppl 14): 613.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jaynes, J. The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind. Houghton Mifflin, 1976.Google Scholar

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