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Treaties and Other Materials

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Monika Plozza
Monika Plozza
Affiliation:
University of Bern

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Chapter
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The Human Right to Science
A Framework for Justiciability
 , pp. xxiii - xxx
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2026
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This content is Open Access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/cclicenses/

Treaties and Other Materials

  • Commission on Human Rights, Summary Record of the Seventieth Meeting, E/CN.4/SR.70, 1948.

  • Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Statement on Human Rights and Intellectual Property, 2001.

  • Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Statement on the Obligations of States Parties Regarding the Corporate Sector and Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 2011.

  • Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Views Adopted under the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Communication No. 22/2017, E/C.12/65/D/22/2017, 28 March 2019.

  • Council of Europe, European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, Rome, 4 November 1950, ETS No. 5.

  • Council of Europe, European Social Charter, Turin, 18 October 1961, ETS No. 35.

  • Council of Europe, Recommendation on Academic Freedom and University Autonomy, Rec 1762, 2006.

  • Council of Europe et al., Declaration of the Global Forum on Academic Freedom, Institutional Autonomy, and the Future of Democracy, 21 June 2019.

  • Economic and Social Council, Decision 1978/10, 1978.

  • Economic and Social Council, Decision 1985/17, 1985.

  • European Parliament, Report with Recommendations to the Commission on Corporate Due Diligence and Corporate Accountability, 2020/2129(INL), A9-0018/2021, 2021.

  • Executive Board of UNESCO, Decisions Adopted at its 104th Session, 104 EX/Decisions, 1978.

  • Federal Assembly of the Swiss Confederation, Federal Act on Foreign Nationals and Integration (Foreign Nationals and Integration Act, FNIA), 142.20, 16 December 2005.

  • Federal Assembly of the Swiss Confederation, Federal Constitution of the Swiss Confederation, 142.20, 18 April 1999.

  • Federal Council of Switzerland, Annulation de l’initiative populaire contre la pénalisation du mariage: le Conseil fédéral arrête la marche à suivre, 21 June 2019.

  • International Commission of Jurists, Courts and the Legal Enforcement of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: Comparative Experiences of Justiciability, 2008.

  • International Commission of Jurists, A Guide for the Legal Enforcement and Adjudication of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in South Africa, 2019.

  • International Commission of Jurists, Maastricht Guidelines on Violations of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 26 January 1997.

  • International Commission of Jurists and Ratjen S., Adjudicating Economic, Social and Cultural Rights at National Level – A Practitioners’ Guide, 2014.

  • International Labour Organization, Tripartite Declaration of Principles Concerning Multinational Enterprises and Social Policy, 17 ILM 422, 1978.

  • International Law Commission, Draft Articles on the Law of Treaties with Commentaries, II Yearbook ILC, 1966.

  • International Law Commission, Draft Articles on Responsibility of International Organizations (DARIO), Yearbook vol. II, 2011.

  • International Law Commission, Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts (DASR), Supplement No. 10 (A/56/10), Yearbook ILC vol. II, November 2001.

  • International Law Commission, Draft Conclusions on Identification of Customary International Law, 2018.

  • International Law Commission, Draft Conclusions on Subsequent Agreement and Subsequent Practice in Relation to the Interpretation of Treaties, with Commentaries, A/73/10, 2018.

  • International Law Commission, Sixth Report on State Responsibility (Special Rapporteur: Roberto Ago), II Series, 1977.

  • League of Arab States, Arab Charter on Human Rights, Cairo, 15 March 2008.

  • Maastricht Principles on the Human Rights of Future Generations, 2023.

  • Magna Charta Universitatum, adopted by 388 rectors, 18 September 1988.

  • OAS, Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (Protocol of San Salvador), San Salvador, OAS TS No. 69, 17 November 1988, in force 16 November 1999.

  • OAS, Inter-American Convention on Human Rights (American Convention on Human Rights), San José, OAS TS No. 36, 1144 UNTS 123, 22 November 1969.

  • OECD, Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, 27 June 2000.

  • Pan American Union, American Declaration on the Rights and Duties of Man, Bogotá, Res XXX, OEA/Ser.L/V/II.23 Doc. 21 Rev. 6, 2 May 1948.

  • Siracusa Principles on the Limitation and Derogation Provisions in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 7 Hum. Rts. Q. 3, 1985.

  • UN Commission on Human Rights, Limburg Principles on the Implementation of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, E/CN.4/1987/17, 1987.

  • UN Commission on Human Rights, Syracuse Principles on the Limitation and Derogation Provisions in the ICCPR, E/CN.4/1985/4, 1984.

  • UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Draft General Comment, 2020.

  • UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Comment No. 1: Reporting by States Parties, E/1989/22, 1990.

  • UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Comment No. 2: International Technical Assistance Measures (Art. 22), 2 February 1990.

  • UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Comment No. 3: The Nature of States Parties’ Obligations (Art. 2(1)), E/1991/23, 1990.

  • UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Comment No. 4: The Right to Adequate Housing (Art. 11(1)), E/1992/23, 1991.

  • UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Comment No. 5: Persons with Disabilities, E/1995/22, 1994.

  • UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Comment No. 6: The Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of Older Persons, E/1996/22, 1995.

  • UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Comment No. 7: Forced Evictions (Art. 11(1)), E/C.12/1997/4, 1997.

  • UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Comment No. 8: Economic Sanctions and ESCR, E/C.12/1997/8, 1997.

  • UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Comment No. 9: Domestic Application of the Covenant, E/C.12/1998/24, 1998.

  • UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Comment No. 10: National Human Rights Institutions (Art. 13), E/C.12/1998/25, 1998.

  • UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Comment No. 11: Education Plans of Action (Art. 14), E/C.12/1999/4, 1999.

  • UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Comment No. 12: The Right to Adequate Food (Art. 11), E/C.12/1999/5, 1999.

  • UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Comment No. 13: The Right to Education (Art. 13), E/C.12/1999/10, 1999.

  • UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Comment No. 14: The Right to Health (Art. 12), E/C.12/2000/4, 2000.

  • UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Comment No. 15: The Right to Water (Arts. 11 & 12), E/C.12/2002/11, 2002.

  • UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Comment No. 16: Equality of Men and Women (Art. 3), E/C.12/2005/4, 2005.

  • UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Comment No. 17: Moral and Material Interests (Art. 15(1)(c)), E/C.12/GC/17, 2006.

  • UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Comment No. 18: The Right to Work, E/C.12/GC/18, 2006.

  • UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Comment No. 19: The Right to Social Security (Art. 9), E/C.12/GC/19, 2008.

  • UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Comment No. 20: Non-Discrimination (Art. 2(2)), E/C.12/GC/20, 2009.

  • UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Comment No. 21: Cultural Life (Art. 15(1)(a)), E/C.12/GC/21, 2009.

  • UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Comment No. 22: Sexual and Reproductive Health (Art. 12), E/C.12/GC/22, 2016.

  • UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Comment No. 23: Just and Favourable Conditions of Work (Art. 7), E/C.12/GC/23, 2016.

  • UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Comment No. 24: Business Activities and ESCR, E/C.12/GC/24, 2017.

  • UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Comment No. 25: Science and ESCR (Art. 15(1)(b),(2),(3),(4)), E/C.12/GC/25, 2020.

  • UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Comment No. 26: Land and ESCR, E/C.12/GC/26, 2023.

  • UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Provisional Agenda and Annotations, E/C.12/1993/11, 1993.

  • UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Public Debt, Austerity Measures and the ICESCR, Statement E/C.12/2016/1, 2016.

  • UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Statement on Universal and Equitable Access to Vaccines for COVID-19, E/C.12/2020/2, 2020.

  • UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, General Comment No. 1: The Aims of Education, CRC/GC/2001/1, 2001.

  • UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, General Comment No. 25 (2021) on Children’s Rights in Relation to the Digital Environment, CRC/C/GC/25, 2021.

  • UN Development Group, The Human Rights Based Approach to Development Cooperation: Towards a Common Understanding among UN Agencies, 2003.

  • UN Economic and Social Council, Focused Implementation: The 10 Key Areas of the UNESCO Recommendation on the Status of Scientific Researchers, SHS/2019/PI/H/6, 2019.

  • UN Economic and Social Council, Report of the Third Session of the Commission on Human Rights, E/800 (App.), 1948.

  • UN Economic and Social Council, Review of the Composition, Organization and Administrative Arrangements of the Sessional Working Group of Governmental Experts on the Implementation of the ICESCR, E/Res/1985/17, 28 May 1985.

  • UN Economic and Social Council, Summary Record of the 228th Meeting (5 May 1951), E/CN.4/SR.228, 1951.

  • UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Constitution of UNESCO, 4 UNTS 275, 16 November 1945.

  • UNESCO, Declaration on Ethical Principles of Climate Change, 39 C/Resolutions, 2017.

  • UNESCO, Declaration on the Responsibilities of the Present Generations towards Future Generations, 29 C/Res + CORR., 1997.

  • UNESCO, Draft International Covenant on Human Rights and Measures of Implementation: Suggestions, E/CN.4/541/Rev.1, 1951.

  • UNESCO, International Declaration on Human Genetic Data, SHS/BIO/PI/2017/1, 16 October 2003.

  • UNESCO, Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence, SHS/BIO/PI/2021/1, 2022.

  • UNESCO, Recommendation on Participation by the People at Large in Cultural Life and Their Contribution to It, Nairobi, 26 November 1976.

  • UNESCO, Recommendation on Science and Scientific Researchers, Doc 39 C/Res 85, 2017.

  • UNESCO, Recommendation on the Status of Higher-Education Teaching Personnel, 1997.

  • UNESCO, Recommendation on the Status of Scientific Researchers, 18 C/Resolutions 169 ff., 1974.

  • UNESCO, UNESCO Recommendation on Open Science, SC-PCB-SPP/2021/OS/UROS, 2021.

  • UNESCO, UNESCO Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity, CLT.2002/WS/9, 2 November 2001.

  • UNESCO, UNESCO’s Procedure for Dealing with Alleged Violations of Human Rights, Programme and Meeting Document SHS-2020/SANS COTE, 2022.

  • UNESCO, Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights, SHS/EST/BIO/06/1, SHS.2006/WS/14, 19 October 2005.

  • UNESCO, Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights, SHS/BIO/PI/2017/1, 11 November 1997.

  • UNESCO and International Council for Science (ICSU), Declaration on Science and the Use of Scientific Knowledge, 30 C/15, 1 July 1999.

  • UN General Assembly, Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law, A/RES/60/147, 21 March 2006.

  • UN General Assembly, Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States, A/RES/39/163, 17 December 1974.

  • UN General Assembly, Declaration on the Right to Development, A/RES/41/128, 4 December 1986.

  • UN General Assembly, Declaration on Social Progress and Development, Res 2542 (XXIV), 11 December 1969.

  • UN General Assembly, Declaration on the Use of Scientific and Technological Progress in the Interests of Peace and for the Benefit of Mankind, A/RES/30/3384 (XXX), 10 November 1975.

  • UN General Assembly, General Assembly Official Records, 12th Session: 3rd Committee, 798th Meeting, A/C.3/SR.798, 1957.

  • UN General Assembly, General Assembly Official Records, 12th Session: 3rd Committee, 799th Meeting, A/C.3/SR.799, 1957.

  • UN General Assembly, Human Rights and Transnational Corporations and Other Business Enterprises, A/HRC/RES/17/4, 6 July 2011.

  • UN General Assembly, Institution-Building of the United Nations Human Rights Council, annex to A/HRC/5/1, 2007.

  • UN General Assembly, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, New York, 999 UNTS 171, 16 December 1966, in force 23 March 1976.

  • UN General Assembly, International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, New York, 993 UNTS 3, 16 December 1966, in force 3 January 1976.

  • UN General Assembly, Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, A/RES/63/117, 10 December 2008, in force 5 May 2013.

  • UN General Assembly, Proclamation of Teheran, Final Act of the International Conference on Human Rights, A/CONF.32/41, 13 May 1968.

  • UN General Assembly, Protection of Global Climate for Present and Future Generations of Mankind, A/RES/45/212, 1990.

  • UN General Assembly, Resolution A/RES/76/300: The Human Right to a Clean, Healthy and Sustainable Environment, A/76/L.75, 2022.

  • UN General Assembly, Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, A/RES/70/1, 21 October 2015.

  • UN General Assembly, United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, Res 217 A(III), A/RES/61/295, 2 October 2007.

  • UN General Assembly, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, A/RES/48/189 (48th sess.: 1993–94), 20 January 1994.

  • UN General Assembly, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Res 217 A(III), A/RES/3/217 A, 10 December 1948.

  • UN General Assembly, Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, A/CONF.157/23, 25 June 1993.

  • UN General Assembly Official Records, Draft International Covenants on Human Rights and Measures of Implementation: Future Work for the Commission on Human Rights, A/RES/421(V)[A], 4 December 1950.

  • UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, E/2011/90, 2011.

  • UN Human Rights Committee, A. D. v. Canada, CCPR/C/22/D/78/1980, 29 July 1984.

  • UN Human Rights Committee, Apirana Mahuika et al. v. New Zealand, CCPR/C/70/D/547/1993, 27 October 2000.

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  • UN Human Rights Committee, General Comment No. 12: Article 1 (Right to Self-Determination), A/43/40, 1984.

  • UN Human Rights Committee, General Comment No. 16: Article 17 (Right to Privacy), A/43/40, 1988.

  • UN Human Rights Committee, General Comment No. 20: Article 7 (Prohibition of Torture), CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.7, 1992.

  • UN Human Rights Committee, General Comment No. 22: Article 18 (Freedom of Thought, Conscience or Religion), CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.4, 1993.

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  • UN Human Rights Committee, General Comment No. 34: Article 19 (Freedom of Opinion and Expression), CCPR/C/GC/34, 2011.

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