The example of former communist Eastern Europe shows that there are many individual and sociopsychological consequences that still have effects today. This chapter summarizes concepts and findings on ‘historical traumas’ that describe such long-lasting effects. The focus is on the side of the victims and their family descendants and thus also on the moral heirs of the dissidents (e.g., the Russian NGO Memorial). Analogous to developments in psychotraumatology, increasing knowledge in this area can explain psychosocial pathologies but also help develop effective remedies. This includes the development of a culture of remembrance, sociotherapeutic interventions, and increased sensitivity towards those patients and clients who have such a personal legacy. Unlike in other regions of the world with historical trauma, there were no ‘truth and reconciliation commissions’ in which victims and perpetrators interacted directly. A principle of these commissions was that victims could speak out about their politically inflicted suffering and that former perpetrators would face up to their responsibility.