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Attack rates of Sirex noctilio and patterns of pine tree defenses and mortality in northern Patagonia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 April 2018

S.J. Martinson ,
A.A. Fernádez Ajó ,
A.S. Martínez ,
F.E. Krivak-Tetley ,
J.M. Villacide ,
M.P. Ayres  and
J.C. Corley
S.J. Martinson*
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
A.A. Fernádez Ajó
Affiliation:
Grupo de Ecología de Poblaciones de Insectos, Instituto National de Tecnología Agropecuaria, CONICET, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
A.S. Martínez
Affiliation:
Grupo de Ecología de Poblaciones de Insectos, Instituto National de Tecnología Agropecuaria, CONICET, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
F.E. Krivak-Tetley
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
J.M. Villacide
Affiliation:
Grupo de Ecología de Poblaciones de Insectos, Instituto National de Tecnología Agropecuaria, CONICET, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
M.P. Ayres
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
J.C. Corley
Affiliation:
Grupo de Ecología de Poblaciones de Insectos, Instituto National de Tecnología Agropecuaria, CONICET, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina Universidad Nacional del Comahue Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
*
*Author for correspondence Phone: 603-646-2378 Fax: 603-646-1347 E-mail: Sharon.J.Martinson@Dartmouth.edu
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Abstract

Accidental and intentional global movement of species has increased the frequency of novel plant–insect interactions. In Patagonia, the European woodwasp, Sirex noctilio, has invaded commercial plantations of North American pines. We compared the patterns of resin defenses and S. noctilio-caused mortality at two mixed-species forests near San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina. We observed lower levels of resin flow and higher levels of mortality in Pinus contorta compared with Pinus ponderosa. In general, S. noctilio attacked trees with lower resin compared with neighboring trees. Resin production in P. ponderosa was not related to growth rates, but for P. contorta, slower growing trees produced less resin than faster growing conspecifics. For all infested trees, attack density and number of drills (ovipositor probes) per attack did not vary with resin production. Most attacks resulted in one or two drills. Attack rates and drills/attack were basically uniform across the bole of the tree except for a decrease in both drills/attack and attack density in the upper portion of the crown, and an increase in the attack density for the bottom 10% of the tree. Planted pines in Patagonia grow faster than their counterparts in North America, and produce less resin, consistent with the growth-differentiation balance hypothesis. Limited resin defenses may help to explain the high susceptibility of P. contorta to woodwasps in Patagonia.

Keywords

non-native plant–insect interactionstree resin defensesforest managementnovel ecosystemsinvasive insects

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Type
Research Papers
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 109 , Issue 2 , April 2019 , pp. 141 - 149
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Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

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