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Dependent Interdependence: The Complicated Dance of Government–Nonprofit Relations in China

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2026

Zhang Yuanfeng
Zhang Yuanfeng*
Affiliation:
School of Public Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China The Co-Innovation Center for Social Governance of Urban and Rural Communities in Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
*
zhangyf.jhu@gmail.com
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Abstract

This article examines the evolving pattern of government–nonprofit relations in China and assesses how this relationship seems likely to evolve in the years ahead. To do so, it documents the diverse types of institutions this sector contains, the considerable scale of institutions it already includes, and the significant shifts that have occurred as the state seeks to take advantage of the important contributions the nonprofit sector is making, while seeking to retain a degree of control over nonprofit operations. Of particular note is the variety of tools the government has deployed to support the nonprofit sector and the remaining issues the sector faces as it finds its way in the highly constrained atmosphere of this biggest remaining socialist country.

Résumé

Résumé

Ce chapitre examine le modèle évolutif des relations entre le gouvernement et les organisations à but non lucratif en Chine et évalue comment il évoluera vraisemblablement dans les années à venir. Pour ce faire, il décrit les différents types d’institutions de ce secteur, l’ampleur considérable des institutions qu’il comprend déjà et les changements significatifs qui ont eu lieu alors que l’État cherche à tirer parti des importantes contributions apportées par le secteur à but non lucratif tout en cherchant à maintenir un degré de contrôle sur les activités à but non lucratif. Il convient de souligner la variété des outils que le gouvernement a déployée pour soutenir le secteur à but non lucratif et les autres problèmes auxquels est confronté le secteur en se retrouvant dans l’atmosphère fortement rigide de ce plus grand pays socialiste.

Zusammenfassung

Zusammenfassung

Dieses Kapitel untersucht das sich weiterentwickelnde Modell der Beziehungen zwischen der Regierung und dem gemeinnützigen Sektor in China und schätzt ab, wie sich diese Beziehung in den kommenden Jahren voraussichtlich entwickeln wird. Dazu werden die unterschiedlichen Typen von Institutionen in diesem Sektor dokumentiert, die beträchtliche Zahl von Institutionen, die bereits bestehen, und die bedeutenden Änderungen, zu denen es gekommen ist, weil der Staat versucht, von den wichtigen Beiträgen des gemeinnützigen Sektors zu profitieren und gleichzeitig eine gewisse Kontrolle über die Aktivitäten des gemeinnützigen Sektors zu wahren. Besonders hervorzuheben ist die Vielzahl der Instrumente, die die Regierung eingesetzt hat, um den gemeinnützigen Sektor zu unterstützen, und die verbleibenden Probleme, mit denen der Sektor in dem äußerst beschränkten Umfeld dieses größten nach wie vor sozialistischen Landes konfrontiert wird.

Resumen

Resumen

El presente capítulo examina el patrón evolutivo de las relaciones gobierno-organizaciones sin ánimo de lucro en China y evalúa cómo esta relación parece probable que evolucione en los próximos años. Para hacerlo, documenta los diversos tipos de instituciones que contiene este sector, la considerable escala de instituciones que ya incluye, y los cambios significativos que se han producido a medida que el estado trata de aprovechar las importantes contribuciones que el sector de organizaciones sin ánimo de lucro está realizando, tratando al mismo tiempo de retener un grado de control sobre las operaciones de dichas organizaciones. Cabe destacar la variedad de herramientas que el gobierno ha implantado para apoyar al sector de organizaciones sin ánimo de lucro y las cuestiones pendientes a las que se enfrenta el sector a medida que va encontrando su camino en el ambiente sumamente restringido del mayor país que sigue siendo socialista.

摘要

摘要

本文说明了政府和非盈利机构之间的合作关系的发展, 首先概述了非盈利领域的范围和结构以及志愿性工作, 然后解释了公共领域和非盈利性机构之间合作关系演化的重要步骤。文章描述了非盈利领域在发展过程中出现的所谓的两极化以及非盈利领域和国家之间的合作在过去的重要性。 为了容纳各种范围广泛的具有不同宗教背景和社会背景的非盈利性机构, 荷兰为政府和非盈利性机构之间的合作创造了一个供非盈利性机构提供服务并影响政策形成的复杂机制。但是, 这个领域现在完全是支离破碎的状态, 已几乎没什么共享认同可言。 矛盾的是, 荷兰的非盈利性领域由于过去的成功而降低其被认为是当前社会问题的解决方案的可能性。

要約

要約

本章では、中国における政府非営利組織関係の発展のパターンおよびこの政府非営利組織関係が一年後にどのような進展につながるかという評価方法について検討する。そのためには、このセクターを含む多様な組織、既に含まれている組織の基準、非営利組織の活動における制御の度合いを維持しながら、非営利組織が重要な貢献を果たすことが有利であると国が考えた場合の重要なシフトを文書化することである。特に注目すべきことは、非営利セクターを支援するためのツールが必要となり、セクターが直面する問題点は最大の社会主義国における制約された雰囲気の中で対処法を見つけることである。

ملخص

ملخص

يفحص هذا الفصل النمط المتطور للحكومة - العلاقات الغير ربحية في الصين ويقوم بتقييم كيف أن هذه العلاقة تبدو من المرجح أن تتطور في السنوات القادمة. للقيام بذلك، فإنه يوثق أنواع متنوعة من المؤسسات ويتضمن هذا القطاع، حجم كبير من المؤسسات التي تضمها بالفعل، والتحولات الكبيرة التي حدثت في الوقت الذي تسعى الدولة إلى الإستفادة من المساهمات الهامة الذي يقوم بها القطاع الغير ربحي في حين تسعى إلى الإبقاء على درجة من السيطرة على العمليات الغير ربحي. من الجدير بالذكر هو مجموعة متنوعة من الأدوات نشرتها الحكومة لدعم القطاع الغير ربحي والقضايا المتبقية التي يواجهها القطاع كما تجد طريقها في الجو المقيد للغاية من أكبر دولة إشتراكية متبقية.

Keywords

Nonprofit organizations (NPOs)GONGOsGrassroots NPOsSocial servicesHuman services

Information

Type
Original Paper
Information
Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations , Volume 26 , Issue 6 , December 2015 , pp. 2395 - 2423
Copyright
Copyright © International Society for Third-Sector Research and The Johns Hopkins University 2015

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Footnotes

This paper is part of the Special Issue: Unlikely Partners? Evolving Government–Nonprofit Relationships, East and West.

An erratum to this article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11266-016-9795-z.

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