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Narrar a Mariel: Espacialización y heterotopías del exilio cubano en la novela Boarding Home (1987) de Guillermo Rosales (1946–1993)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 June 2018

Monica Simal*
Affiliation:
Providence College, US
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Abstract

En este trabajo analizo la novela Boarding Home (1987) del escritor cubano Guillermo Rosales a partir de su inscripción dentro de las coordenadas que signaron el éxodo cubano por el Mariel en 1980. Exploro cómo Mariel se vuelve un espacio simbólico de significación desde donde se ofrece una mirada mucho más compleja al evento estigmatizado tanto por la revolución, como por los medios de prensa y la comunidad norteamericanos. La operación de “basurización del otro”, de la “escoria” que lleva a cabo el gobierno cubano (Castillo Durante) tiene como consecuencia inevitable a la abyección (Kristeva), y ambos fenómenos se hacen visibles, materiales, en la espacialización del margen, del exilio en la vida del protagonista como se comprueba con su vida en un home de Miami, y tras sus recorridos por la ciudad. Tanto el home como La Pequeña Habana son lugares heterotópicos (Foucault) en donde opera una distorsión de las dos utopías (o distopías) que entrañan la revolución y el exilio. Concluyo que Rosales apela a la literatura como acto de resistencia ante la invisibilidad y el estigma del éxodo.

In this article I analyze the effects of the Cuban exodus in 1980 known as the Mariel boatlift, in Guillermo Rosales’s novel Boarding Home (1987). I argue that Mariel and the so-called marielitos are portrayed in the novel as offering a more complex view of an event that was stigmatized both by the Cuban government as well as by the American media. Marielitos, treated as the “scum” of society, were expelled from the island during a cleansing campaign (“basurización of the other” in Castillo Durante’s words). As a result, their abjection (Kristeva) was reflected in the spatiality of the margin: in the boarding home in the United States to which the protagonist was sent, and in the area of Miami known as Little Havana, where many of these immigrants lived. I propose to study the boarding home and Little Havana as heterotopic places (Foucault) in which the two utopias (and dystopias) involving the revolution and exile are distorted. I conclude that Rosales appeals to literature in order to react against the invisibility and/or stigma of the exodus, turning it into an act of defiance.

Information

Type
Literature and Cultural Studies
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Copyright
Copyright: © 2018 The Author(s)