Hostname: page-component-89b8bd64d-z2ts4 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2026-05-06T15:02:11.369Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Troy and Anatolian Early Bronze Age Chronology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2013

Jak Yakar
Jak Yakar
Affiliation:
Tel-Aviv University
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The use of an absolute chronological framework based on tree-ring calibrated C-14 dates has been recently proposed by D. F. Easton in his attempt “… to come to grips with the crucial and difficult dating of Troy” (Easton 1976:146). Easton points out that unlike Tarsus, whose relative dating vis-a-vis Mesopotamia and Egypt is stable, Troy's relative chronology is not agreed upon and this “impinges not only on Anatolia, but on the Aegean and Bulgaria as well”.

In establishing his chronology Easton uses, in addition to “the normal comparative methods”, two sources: (a) radiocarbon dates which, after calibration, especially when using Suess's calibration curve, affect both relative and absolute dating, (b) his reassessed stratigraphy of the Bronze Age levels at Troy (Easton 1976; 1977).

Easton in his new chronological structure has not taken into consideration certain facts and opinions surrounding tree-ring calibrated radiocarbon dating. In view of the persisting controversy regarding this scientific dating method, it is premature, at least as far as Anatolia is concerned, to replace the relative dates derived from historical synchronisms with calibrated “absolute” C-14 dates.

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
Anatolian Studies , Volume 29 , December 1979 , pp. 51 - 67
Copyright
Copyright © The British Institute at Ankara 1979

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Alp, S., 1964. “Karahüyük”, TAD 13:116–117.Google Scholar
Alp, S., 1967. “Karahüyük”, Belleten 31:456–457.Google Scholar
Alp, S., 1972. “Karahüyük”, Belleten 36:421.Google Scholar
Alp, S., 1973. “Karahüyük”, Belleten 37:434–435.Google Scholar
Alp, S., 1974. “Karahüyük”, Belleten 38:545–546.Google Scholar
Bass, G., 1970. “A Hoard of Trojan and Sumerian Jewelry”, AJA LXXIV, 335–341.Google Scholar
Bittel, K. and Otto, K., 1939. Demirci Höyük (Berlin).Google Scholar
Blegen, C.W., 1950. Troy I (Princeton).Google Scholar
Blegen, C.W., 1951. Troy II (Princeton).Google Scholar
Braidwood, R., 1967. “A Note on the Present Status of Radioactive Carbon Age Determination”, Sumer XXIII, 39–43.Google Scholar
Branigan, K., 1977. “Troy and the Chronology of the EBA”, Transactions of the IVth International Colloquium on Aegean Prehistory, Sheffield.Google Scholar
Burney, C., 1956. “Northern Anatolia Before Classical Times”, AS VI, 179–204.Google Scholar
Canby, J.V., 1965. “Early Bronze Trinket Moulds”, Iraq XXVII, 42–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caskey, J., 1972. “Investigations in Keos”, Hesperia XLI, 357–451.Google Scholar
Clark, R.M., 1975. “A Calibration Curve for Radiocarbon Dates”, Antiquity XLIX, 251–266.Google Scholar
Coleman, J.E., 1974. “The Chronology and Interconnection of the Cycladic Islands in the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age”, AJA LXXVIII, 333–344.Google Scholar
Dayton, J., 1978. Minerals, Metals, Glazing and Man. London.Google Scholar
Deshayes, J., 1972. “Dikili Tash”, Archaeology XXV, 198–205.Google Scholar
Diamant, S., 1973. “Renfrew, The Emergence of Civilization”, Review in AJA LXXVII, 346–349.Google Scholar
Easton, D.F., 1976. “Towards a Chronology for the Aegean Early Bronze Age”, AJA XXVI, 145–172.Google Scholar
Easton, D.F., 1977. “Reassessment of the Stratigraphy of Troy”, Transactions of the IVth International Colloquium on the Aegean Prehistory, Sheffield.Google Scholar
Evans, J.A.S., 1977. “Redating Prehistory in Europe”, Archaeology 30:76–85.Google Scholar
Fielden, K., 1977. “Tell Brak 1976: The Pottery”, Syria XXXIX, 245–256.Google Scholar
French, D.H., 1961. “Late Chalcolithic Pottery in North-West Turkey and the Aegean”, AS XI, 99–141.Google Scholar
French, D.H., 1967. “Prehistoric Sites in Northwest Anatolia I. The Iznik Area”, AS XVII, 49–96.Google Scholar
French, D.H., 1968. “Anatolia and the Aegean in the Third Millennium B.C.”, (Ph.D Thesis, Camridge).Google Scholar
French, D.H., 1969. “Prehistoric Sites in Northwest Anatolia II. The Balıkesir and Akhisar/Manisa Area”, AS XIX, 41–98.Google Scholar
French, D.H., 1972. Notes on Prehistoric Pottery Groups from Central Greece (Athens).Google Scholar
French, D.H., 1977. “Troy: its Position in the Archaeology of Anatolia and the Aegean”, Transactions of the IVth International Colloquium on the Aegean Prehistory, Sheffield.Google Scholar
Furness, A., 1956. “Some Early Pottery of Samos, Kalimnos and Chios”, PPS XXII, 173–210.Google Scholar
Goldman, H., 1956. Excavations at Gözlükule, Tarsus II (Princeton).Google Scholar
Howell, R.J., 1973. “The Origins of the Middle Helladic Culture”, apud Crossland, R.A. and Birchall, A., eds. Bronze Age Migrations in the Aegean (London), 73–106.Google Scholar
Kadish, B., 1969. “Excavations at Aphrodisias, 1967”, AJA LXXIII, 49–65.Google Scholar
Kadish, B., 1971. “Excavations at Aphrodisias, 1969”, AJA LXXV, 121–140.Google Scholar
Korfmann, M., 1977a. “Ausgewählte Aspekte der Frühbronzezeitlichen Demircihüyük-Kultur in Hinblick auf Troja I und Troja II”, Transactions of the IVth International Colloquium on Aegean Prehistory, Sheffield.Google Scholar
Korfmann, M., 1977b. “Demircihöyük”, TAD XXIV, 39–59.Google Scholar
Koşay, H. and Vary, H., 1964. Ausgrabungen von Pulur (Ankara).Google Scholar
Koşay, H. and Akok, M., 1966. Ausgrabungen von Alaca Hüyük (Ankara).Google Scholar
Kühne, H., 1976. Die Keramik vom Tell Chuera (Berlin).Google Scholar
Lloyd, S. and Gökçe, N., 1951. “Excavations at Polatlı”, AS I, 21–62.Google Scholar
Maxwell-Hyslop, R., 1971. Western Asiatic Jewellery, c.3000–612 B.C. (London).Google Scholar
Maxwell-Hyslop, R., 1977. “Grave 20 at Ashur”, Transactions of the IVth International Colloqium on Aegean Prehistory, Sheffield.Google Scholar
Mellaart, J., 1957. “Anatolian Chronology in the Early and Middle Bronze Ages”, AS VII, 55–88.Google Scholar
Mellaart, J., 1966. The Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Ages in the Near East and Anatolia (Beirut).Google Scholar
Mellaart, J., 1971a. “Prehistory of Anatolia and its Relations with the Balkans”, Studia Balcanica V, 120–137.Google Scholar
Mellaart, J., 1971b. “Anatolia, c.4000–2300 B.C.”, CAH I 3, 681–706.Google Scholar
Mellaart, J., 1977. “Troy, a re-assessment”, Transactions of the IVth International Coloquium on Aegean Prehistory, Sheffield.Google Scholar
Mellaart, J., 1979. “Egyptian and Near Eastern Chronology: a dilemma” Antiquity LIII, 6–18.Google Scholar
Mellink, M., 1965. “Anatolian Chronology”, in Ehrich, R.W. (ed.), Chronologies in Old World Archaeology (London).Google Scholar
Mellink, M., 1968. “Excavations at Karataş-Semayük”, AJA LXXII, 243–259.Google Scholar
Mellink, M., 1973. “Excavations at Karataş-Semayük”, AJA LXXVII, 293–303.Google Scholar
Mellink, M., 1977. “Archaeology in Asia Minor”, AJA LXXXI, 297.Google Scholar
Orthmann, W., 1963. Die Keramik der Frühen Bronzezeit aus Inneranatolien (Berlin).Google Scholar
Orthmann, W., 1966. “Keramik der Yortankultur in den Berliner Museen”, Ist Mitt XVI, 1–26.Google Scholar
Palmieri, A., 1967. “Insediamento del Bronze Antica a Gelinciktepe-Malatya”, Origini I, 117–193.Google Scholar
Palmieri, A., 1973. “Scavi Nell' Area Sud-Occidentale di Arslantepe”, Origini VII, 55–228.Google Scholar
Palmieri, A., 1977. “Arslantepe-Malatya”, TAD XXIV, 123–132.Google Scholar
Renfrew, C., 1971a. “Sitagroi, Radiocarbon and the Prehistory of Europe”, Antiquity XLV, 273–282.Google Scholar
Renfrew, C., 1971b. “Carbon 14 and the Prehistory of Europe”, Scientific American no. 225, 63–72.Google Scholar
Renfrew, C., 1972. The Cyclades and the Aegean in the Third Millennium B.C. (London).Google Scholar
Renfrew, C., 1973. Before Civilization: The Radiocarbon Revolution and Prehistoric Europe (New York).Google Scholar
Renfrew, C. and Clark, R.M., 1974. “Problems of Radiocarbon Calendar and its Calibration”, Archaeometry XVI, 5–18.Google Scholar
Spanos, P.Z., 1977a. “The Absolute Chronology of the Second Settlement at Troy”, Transactions of the IVth International Colloquium on Aegean Prehistory, Sheffield.Google Scholar
Spanos, P.Z., 1977b. “Zur absoluten Chrohologie der zweiten Siedlung in Troja”, Zeitschrift für Assyriologie LXVII, 85–107.Google Scholar
Suess, H.E., 1970. “Bristlecone-pine Calibration of the Radiocarbon Time-Scale 5200 B.C. to the Present”, in Olsson, I.U. (ed.), Radiocarbon Variations and Absolute Chronology, Proceedings of the Twelth Nobel Symposium.Google Scholar
Suess, H.F., 1976. “Review of Clark's (1975) criticism”, Antiquity L, 61–63.Google Scholar
Sperling, J.W., 1976. “Kumtepe in the Troad”, Hesperia XLV, 305–364.Google Scholar
Temizer, R., 1960. “Yazir Hüyüǧü Buluntuları”, Türk Tarih Kongresi V (Ankara), 156–162.Google Scholar
Wheeler, T., 1974. “Early Bronze Age Burial Customs in Western Turkey”, AJA LXXVIII, 415–431.Google Scholar
Yakar, J., 1975. “Northern Anatolia in the Early Bronze Age”, Tel Aviv II, 133–145.Google Scholar