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An investigation of visuospatial memory impairment in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), combined type

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 July 2005

R. BARNETT
Affiliation:
Cogstate Ltd
P. MARUFF
Affiliation:
Cogstate Ltd
A. VANCE
Affiliation:
Academic Child Psychiatry Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Australia Murdoch Children's Research Institute Royal Children's Hospital

Abstract

Background. Memory impairment is not considered a core cognitive feature of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, combined type (ADHD-CT), although it is associated with impairments in attentional and executive functions. This study investigates visuospatial memory impairment, in particular encoding and retrieval aspects, in children with ADHD-CT who are stimulant-medication naive and medicated with stimulant medication.

Method. A cross-sectional study of visuospatial memory in 6- to 12-year-old children with stimulant-medication-naive ADHD-CT (n=62) and medicated ADHD-CT (n=58) compared to an age- and gender-matched healthy control group (n=39) was completed.

Results. Both medication-naive and medicated ADHD-CT groups demonstrated subtle yet significant impairment in visuospatial memory. The memory impairment was delay-independent, which, along with other factors, suggest dysfunction of the encoding rather than retrieval phase of visuospatial memory.

Conclusions. Careful study of large ADHD-CT samples does detect deficits in a visuospatial memory task, but these reflect attentional deficits rather than being specifically due to dysfunction of the medial temporal lobe explicit memory system. Children with ADHD-CT may benefit from cognitive and behavioural strategies focused on improving encoding of relevant information rather than retrieval strategies.

Type
Original Article
Copyright
© 2005 Cambridge University Press

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