Texas CEAL Consortium Projects

Project 1, “Deliberative and Participatory Approaches to Addressing COVID-19 in African American and Hispanic Communities in Texas,” is based in Harris County and led by Bettina Beech, DrPH, MPH. Project 1 focuses on African American and Hispanic/Latinx populations.

The Project 1 team will collaborate with the California CEAL team to conduct a two-site qualitative assessment of perspectives regarding “home-based” COVID-19 testing (home or near-home testing strategies depending on types of testing) and vaccine trial participation/vaccine acceptance from a diverse cohort of community residents in Houston, Texas through the use of deliberative methods with patient, provider, community, and population health leaders. Deliberative methods allow a participant-engaged approach that simultaneously gathers community input while providing education and then sequentially reassessing community participant views in the setting of new information that may counter rumors and misinformation [Reference Carman, Maurer and Mallery5]. The specific aims are to:

1) Use deliberative methods with African American and Hispanic/Latinx community opinion leaders to identify:

1. a. Feasibility and acceptability of home-based testing including participant views on currently available technology (home-based collection with mailing of samples for analysis for results) and views regarding potential future point-of-care testing technology (home-based collection and analysis).

2. b. Barriers (e.g., vaccine hesitancy) and facilitators (e.g., vaccine education) to uptake of COVID-19 vaccine trials and/or an approved vaccine and likely approaches to enhance community use of COVID-19 vaccine (e.g., vans, local community-based organizations, public health sites).

2) Structure the content of the deliberative sessions around:

1. a. Perception of risk and the relationship between risk perception and likely behavioral change.

2. b. Identification of the content and treatment knowledge needed to enhance informed decision making about COVID-19 home-based testing and vaccine use/trial participation.

3. c. Definition of successful implementation approaches of COVID-19 home-based testing and vaccine use from community perspectives.

Project 2, “Unidos Contra COVID/United Against COVID,” is based in Bexar County and led by Robert L. Ferrer, MD. Project 2 focuses on African American, Hispanic/Latinx, and Asian populations.

Leveraging community partnerships previously established in Bexar County, this project will apply a community-engaged strategy to increase affected communities’ access to timely, accurate guidance on reducing risk of COVID-19 infection. The initial phase will assemble community partners including the Bexar County Health Collaborative, the San Antonio Metropolitan Health District, grassroots groups, and places of worship. After establishing a shared understanding, through qualitative inquiry and survey responses, of the organizations’ and their communities’ initial conditions with respect to addressing COVID-19 risk, the Project 2 team will collaboratively develop tailored engagement and outreach strategies designed to reduce risk among their communities. Methods to accomplish this include technical assistance and budgeted dollars to enhance organizations’ capacity to develop and diffuse messaging salient to their communities. Additionally, a local social media firm will collaborate with community partners to develop, diffuse, and evaluate community-relevant messaging. Study outcomes to be evaluated include number of community organizations engaged, number of community members reached by each organization, implementation of the social media strategy, and social media engagement metrics. The team anticipates generalizable knowledge will emerge that is applicable to other communities disproportionately affected by COVID-19.

Project 3, “Promoting Knowledge to Action in COVID-19 Prevention and Engagement among Underserved Communities,” is based in Tarrant County and led by Emily Spence, PhD, MSW. Project 3 focuses on African American and Hispanic/Latinx populations.

The Project 3 team strategies will include weekly meetings of a Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) team to help establish iterative feedback cycles of data collection, outreach, and community education. Surveys and qualitative interviews will be used to 1) determine community-level misinformation and myths about COVID-19 and trust in sources of information and 2) assess knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and fears about COVID-19 including vaccine hesitancy, vaccine acceptance, and willingness to participate in COVID-19 vaccine, therapeutic, and prevention trials in 12 primarily non-white and/or Hispanic/Latinx communities. The Project 3 team identified these communities based on the listening sessions and discussions with community partners and a data-driven analysis of zip codes where the highest prevalence of COVID-19 cases per 100,000 residents and death rates occurred. Thus, the target population is residents of Tarrant County living in neighborhoods with at least 75% African American or Hispanic/Latinx residents; income 45% below the median income of the county; and disparities associated with COVID-19 incidence, mortality, and testing site access.

Community partners for Project 3, DFW CHW Association, Tarrant County Public Health, United Way of Tarrant County, and YMCA of Metropolitan Fort Worth, will collaboratively facilitate all facets of community engagement, training, and educational campaigns. The CBPR team also includes community stakeholders, such as a barber and well-known grassroots activists. The CBPR team will have oversight over two rounds of surveys that include standardized CEAL items as well as items selected by the local team to measure COVID-19 impacts. Surveys will be supplemented with qualitative interviews of stakeholders to illuminate issues of COVID-19 mistrust and misinformation and identify potential engagement strategies. The educational campaigns will leverage existing community resources, local-centric unmet needs, existing guidance documents, and communication resources from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, NIH, and community partners. Given the dynamic nature of COVID-19 trends, iterative cycles of data collection and community engagement will allow the team to be responsive to changing needs in the region.

Project 4, “Community Engagement Strategies for COVID-19 Prevention and Response in Underserved Communities in Hidalgo County,” is based in Hidalgo County and led by Luis Torres-Hostos, PhD. Project 4 focuses on Hispanic/Latinx populations.

The UTRGV team from the Schools of Social Work and Medicine will partner with COVID Shield and the AHEC Program. COVID Shield is a volunteer-led effort that stems from the Rio Grande Valley COVID-19 Physician Task Force. Volunteers are deployed to engage with community members seeking COVID-19 testing in high-capacity testing sites (i.e., those testing 300 or more people per day). They disseminate up-to-date COVID-19-related prevention information, test information, and post-testing guidance. AHEC trains health professional students to reduce the significant shortage of primary healthcare providers in rural and medically underserved communities in the Rio Grande Valley and offers family medicine, acute and chronic illness care, health screenings, physical exams, immunizations, and preventive care. The three AHEC clinics serve over 2,100 patients. Through the CEAL project, COVID Shield Volunteers and AHEC COVID Scholars from social work, nursing, and other health professions at UTRGV will be trained to deliver a brief COVID-19 prevention intervention to individuals seeking COVID-19 testing at community testing sites and to AHEC patients. The Project 4 team will also share current COVID-19-related prevention information; information about COVID-19 testing and post-testing guidance; and vaccine information, including clinical trials information and encouragement to participate. The team will conduct baseline and follow-up assessments at 30, 60, 90, and 180 days. The initial intervention will be done at testing sites (COVID Shield), during phone contacts, or while patients wait for their medical appointments (AHEC). During follow-up surveys, AHEC COVID Scholars will also provide low-level case management to community members being contacted, including referrals for needed services (e.g., other health concerns, social services, and financial needs).

Project 5, “COVID Communications Resource Hub,” is based in Dallas County and led by Rebecca A. Seguin-Fowler, PhD, RDN, LN, CSCS. Project 5 focuses on the following populations: African American; Hispanic/Latinx; lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ); low literacy; older; rural; and people with disabilities.

The overall goals of the COVID-19 Communications Resource Hub are as follows:

1. 1. In close collaboration with diverse community partners (The Concilio, Día de la Mujer Latina, Inc., Foremost Family Health Center, Los Barrios Unidos (a Federally Qualified Health Center [FQHC]), Martin Luther King, Jr. Family Clinic, and The Senior Source), conduct critical analysis and evaluation of COVID-19-related materials (e.g., educational content for community health educators; informational materials for consumers) and related adaptations and best practices, which will be used to populate a curated, web-based repository of COVID-19 products, with focused attention to serving groups differentially affected by COVID-19-related health disparities.

2. 2. To conduct Clinical Trial Community Navigation (CTCN) training including a tailored COVID-19 module; the CTCN training includes culturally and linguistically proficient strategies and materials with respect to health literacy and social determinants of health.

To assess suitability of repository products for various groups experiencing disparities, the Project 5 team will convene a community advisory board, which will include members from existing partnerships. The team will also conduct document analysis and focus groups with community- and faith-based organizations. The repository website will provide a communications infrastructure as well as serve as the statewide visibility platform for the CEAL Consortium’s work – reaching all 254 Texas counties through the Texas A&M AgriLife network, enabling future expansion and rapid response to emerging issues of relevance to the community organization partner network and the communities they serve. In order to substantially increase recruitment and retention for minority participants in COVID-19 related trials, the team will partner with Día de la Mujer Latina, Inc. to conduct CTCN trainings, targeting recruitment within the counties of focus (Bexar, Dallas, Harris, Hidalgo, Tarrant), but offered statewide. Pre/post training evaluations will be used to assess participants’ knowledge gains and evaluate how misinformation and lack of transparency leads to mistrust.

Project 6, “Engaging Blacks and Hispanics in COVID-19 Clinical Trials, Vaccine Uptake, and Educational Campaigns” is based in Harris County and led by Lorna McNeill, PhD, MPH. Project 6 focuses on African American and Hispanic/Latinx populations.

The Project 6 team will work to design, evaluate, and disseminate educational messages designed to increase knowledge and improve attitudes and beliefs about COVID-19 clinical trials and vaccines. MD Anderson Cancer Center includes several community partners with whom the Project 6 team has longstanding relationships including several area African American and Hispanic/Latinx churches, schools, FQHCs, local CHW organizations (e.g., Pro Salud), neighborhoods (e.g., Acres Homes in Houston; 94% African American and Hispanic/Latinx), and cities (e.g., Cities of Baytown and Pasadena, both 60% racial/ethnic minorities). MD Anderson will create a series of educational messages and distribute them through various channels including video, print materials, social media, public service announcements, articles in African American newspapers, and other channels of information for African Americans and Hispanics/Latinx. Using previously collected COVID-19 data on communication channels and trusted sources, the team will work closely with existing partners, networks, and community members to develop new COVID-19 messages that specifically cover the topics of trials and vaccines. Additional formative data will be collected if needed to further contextualize messages. The resulting product will be a COVID-19 message toolbox that can be used by all community partners in the Greater Houston area and shared with partners across the state. Once developed and in partnership with organizational partners, the team will evaluate the effectiveness of the COVID-19 messages in various settings including FQHCs, churches, neighborhoods, and cities. Partners will select messages and communication channels that resonate with their respective populations/communities and test their effectiveness. Outcomes are changes in knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs; intention to participation in clinical trials and vaccine uptake; and enrollment in clinical trials and vaccine uptake, once available. Finally, the team will support clinical trial enrollment in COVID-19 research and vaccine trials, particularly trials at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, and other area COVID-19 research sites. MD Anderson has a clinical trial navigation program that helps reduce patient barriers to clinical trial participation and provides education, social support, and service referrals. Clinical trial navigators will identify potential trials for patients (MD Anderson only) and community participants (all other trials), work to navigate them to COVID-19 trials where they are potentially eligible, and support enrollment. Upon enrollment, navigators will also work to increase retention among trials that have follow-up visits.

Project 7, “Identifying Health Inequity through Community and Personal Barriers to COVID-19 Interventions,” is based in Harris County and led by Jasmine J. Opusunju, DrPH, MSEd, MCHES, CPH. Project 7 focuses on African American and Hispanic/Latinx populations.

This project will build on established community-driven strategies and diverse partnerships within CAN DO Houston and the FARO Initiative to examine factors contributing to the impacts of COVID-19 in underserved communities. Analysis of physical and social determinants of health within vulnerable communities in Houston will be conducted to develop community profiles and contextualize differences between communities that may contribute to awareness and attitudes toward COVID-19 vulnerability, prevention, and treatment. Existing relationships within these communities and partnerships will be leveraged to facilitate resident engagement through CHWs to assess attitudes, knowledge, perceptions, and awareness related to COVID-19. Based on responses about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, CHWs will facilitate access to essential wraparound resources selected by residents. Project 7 objectives are to:

1. 1. Survey vulnerable communities to assess awareness, attitudes, fears, beliefs, and knowledge about risks of COVID-19 exposure, testing for the SARS-Cov-2 virus, and treatments and/or vaccines for COVID-19. The survey will be disseminated by CHWs via telephone.

2. 2. Perform quantitative spatial analytics to examine the relationship between community contexts (social determinants of health), physical community metrics, and individual attitudes and awareness to COVID-19 in vulnerable communities.

3. 3. Examine the relationship between community contexts (social determinants of health), physical community metrics, and individual attitudes and awareness to COVID-19. Through this analysis, we aim to understand the complex factors behind “access” and “acceptability” related to COVID-19 interventions and identify the barriers and opportunities to disrupt the spread of COVID-19 in vulnerable communities.