Index

Marcel Elias

doi:10.1017/9781108935463.009

Index

Acre

and fall of (1291), 3–5, 28, 42, 50, 52, 61, 66–68, 76, 95, 119

and letters of Riccoldo da Monte di Croce, 34, 59

and Mamlūks, 1, 9, 43, 51, 53

and siege of (1189-1191), 116

Adrianople, 54

Aelred of Rielvaux, 60, 89

“afflicted Muslim” motif, 14, 16, 19, 44–45, 48, 124, 131

Ahmed, Sara, 8

Ailes, Marianne, 18

Akbari, Suzanne Conklin, 3, 5, 31, 44, 102–103, 112

al-Ashraf Khalīl, 43

Albert of Aachen, 9, 102, 110, 114–115

Albigensian Crusade, 124, 129

Alcuin of York, 21, 94. See also Liber de virtutibus et vitiis

Alexandria, 29, 33, 74–75, 79, 93

Alliterative Morte Arthure, 90, 129. See also Robert Thornton

Amis and Amiloun, 90

Amoraunt (Guy of Warwick), 74, 84, 93

Anatolia, 1, 50, 96, 131

anger, 8, 10–11, 19–23, 33–34, 43, 47, 119, 127, 129–130

and Albert of Aachen, 110, 115

and Alcuin of York, 21

and Augustine, 21

and God, 20, 23, 26, 38, 49, 66, 131

and grief, 27, 32

and Henry of Grosmont, 100

and Lactantius, 21

and Otuel, 56

and sorrow, 27, 101

and The Siege of Jerusalem, 16, 111

and The Siege of Milan, 13, 20, 22, 24, 49

and The Sultan of Babylon, 13, 19, 40–42, 44, 49

and Thomas Aquinas, 21, 106

and Thomas of Chobham, 21

Anglo-Norman, 14, 119

chansons de geste, 36

Fierabras, 14, 36, 41

Gui de Warewic, 15, 70–71, 73, 83, 85, 92

Otinel, 56

romances, 7

anthropophagy, See cannibalism

Apparicion maistre Jehan de Meun, 60, 68

Aquinas, Thomas, 11, 21, 61, 72, 89, 106

Arbre des batailles, 82, 134

Aristotle, 89

Arsūf, 32

Arthurian romance, 71, 75, 79

Athelston, 90

Auchinleck (manuscript), 15, 50, 56–58, 63, 73, 83, 85, 88, 92–94

Augustine (of Hippo), 21, 61, 89, 107. See also De civitate dei

Aurell, Martin, 4

Austorc d’Aurillac, 32, 46

Austorc de Segret, 33

Austria, 35, 52, 80

Ayyūbid(s), 9, 51, 65, 134

Baghdad, 14, 34, 132

Bale, Anthony, 8

Balkans, 1, 53, 77, 131

Baltic, 1, 5, 9, 72, 76–77, 80, 87, 132, 228

Barbary Crusade, 15, 72, 77, 96–97

Battle of Kosovo, 53

Bāyazīd I, 38, 68–69

Beauchamp, Richard, 75

Beauchamp, Thomas, 74, 77

Beauchamps, earls of Warwick, 13, 74

Beaufort, John, 77

Belisent (Otuel romances), 58

Béziers, 124

Bible, 20, 24, 46, 102, 109

blasphemy, 18, 31, 34, 131

Boehmer, Elleke, 3, 133

Bonomel, Ricaut, 32, 46–47

The Book of the Knight of the Tower, 82

Book of the Order of Chivalry, 95. See also Ramon Llull

Boquet, Damien, 10

Bovet, Honorat, 60, 68, 82, 134

Bradwardine, Thomas, 82

Brault, Gerald J., 44

Bromyard, John, 5–6, 66–67, 100, 116, 132. See also Summa praedicantium

Brut, Walter, 99

Bulgaria, 53, 74

Bull, Marcus, 112

Burns, Robert I., 52

Butterfield, Ardis, 7

Byzantine (Empire), 50, 76, 81, 90, 92

Caiaphas (The Siege of Jerusalem), 109

cannibalism, 16, 101, 110–112, 117, 122–125, 129

and alliterative Morte Arthure, 129

and First Crusade, 101, 122

and Guillaume le Breton, 112

and Josephus, 111–112

and Ranulph Higden, 111

and Raymond of Aguilers, 122

and Richard Coeur de Lion (RCL), 16, 101, 116–118, 121, 125–126, 129

and Tafurs, 123

and William of Tyre, 123

Capellanus, Andreas, 82

caritas, 61, 73, 81, 88–89, 93–97

Cartlidge, Neil, 12

Casagrande, Carla, 10

Cassodorien (RCL), 118

Cerquiglini, Bernard, 7, 132

Chanson d’Antioche, 27, 104, 118

and cannibalism, 123

Chanson de Guillaume, 124

Chanson de Roland, 18, 30

chansons de geste, 3, 7, 18, 27, 39, 44–46, 127

and cannibalism, 124–125

and conversion, 54

and Fierabras, 36, 50

and “noble Muslim” motif, 40

and Otinel, 50

Charlemagne, 15, 18, 69, 102, 133

and literary tradition, 18, 26, 41, 55, 70

and Otuel romances, 13, 15, 51, 59–64

and The Siege of Milan, 19–20, 27, 29–30, 35

and The Sultan of Babylon, 14, 20, 36–43, 51

Charles VI, 18, 54

Chaucer, Geoffrey, 55, 87, 96–97, 132

and Book of the Duchess, 87

and General Prologue, 15, 97

and Man of Law’s Tale, 55

and Parson’s Tale, 21, 60, 129

Chinggis (Genghis) Khān, 51

Chism, Christine, 12, 90

chivalric

crusading, 9, 15, 70, 94

ethics, 60, 72, 116

fame, 55, 76, 78

manuals, 10, 73, 97

piety, 94, 97

Chrétien de Troyes, 84

Chrétienté Corbaran, 55, 118. See also conversion

Christine de Pizan, 82. See also Livre des trois vertus

Chronica majora, 64–65, 114

Cicero, 89

Clanvowe, John, 16, 72, 97, 100. See also The Two Ways

Clarel (Otuel romances), 62

class, 12, 74

Classen, Albrecht, 89

Clermont, 18, 71, 90

Clifford, Lewis, 97

Cohen, Jeffrey Jerome, 36

Colebrond (Guy of Warwick), 74

colonial literature, 3–4, 16

compassion, 27–29, 40, 88, 100–101, 103, 108, 120, 129

and The Siege of Jerusalem, 102–103, 106, 109–110, 133

and The Siege of Milan, 27, 31

complaint literature, 20, 32

Confessio Amantis, 61, 86, 99. See also John Gower

Conrad, Joseph, 2

Constantinople, 1, 5, 54, 74, 76–77, 97

conversion, 5, 14, 48, 50–51, 53–55, 69, 99, 103

and Chrétienté Corbaran, 118

and dream of, 51–52, 54–56

and Guy of Warwick, 70, 73, 83–85

and Otuel, 14–15, 58–62, 68

and Ramon Llull, 53, 95

and The Sultan of Babylon, 19, 36, 46

Cooper, Helen, 13

Copeland, Rita, 8

Crofts, Thomas, 32

crusade chronicles, 27, 40, 102, 112

crusade propaganda, 8–9, 20, 24, 40, 76, 93, 102

crusade sermons, 8, 22, 27, 40, 90

crusading

as chivalric, 9, 15, 70, 94

defeats, 5, 7, 19, 32, 38, 45, 47–48, 66, 68, 131

as healthy, 16, 101

and pogroms, 16, 110

as salvific, 16, 101, 106

curative violence, 102–103, 131

Damascus, 52, 65

De civitate dei, 21, 107. See also Augustine (of Hippo)

De expugnatione Lyxbonensi, 42–43

De itinere terrae sanctae liber, 43, 119. See also Ludolph of Suchem

De regimine principum, 10, 21, 106. See also Giles of Rome

Deschamps, Eustache, 26

dishonor, 40, 59

Dominican(s), 5, 14, 34, 96

Dubois, Pierre, 53, 102

Duke Roland and Sir Otuel of Spain, 13, 50, 102

Edessa, 4, 9, 27

Edward I, 52–53

Edward III, 75, 96

Egerton (manuscript), 36–37, 42, 44, 118

Egypt, 9, 33, 49, 51, 66, 96

Eliezer bar Nathan, 110–111

envy, 9–11, 15, 51, 60–66, 69

Epistre au roi Richart, 18, 25, 60, 105

Eucharist, 20, 118

Eudes of Châteauroux, 89

execution(s), 1, 105, 110, 126, 129

fame, 76–77, 96–97

chivalric, 55, 76, 78

pursuit of, 8, 15, 72, 76, 85–86

Fasciculus morum, 106

fear, 14, 16, 22, 40, 50, 52, 55, 58–60, 126–127

and dream of conversion, 51

and Otuel romances, 50, 59, 69

Felice (Guy of Warwick), 15, 70, 75–76, 81, 83–85, 92

Ferumbras (The Sultan of Babylon), 41

Fidenzio of Padua, 48, 59, 95

Fierabras, 14, 36, 41–42, 50, 55, 133

Fifth Crusade, 28, 51, 89

Fillingham (manuscript), 50, 57–58, 63

First Crusade, 3–4, 16, 51, 55, 102, 104, 110, 113, 124

and cannibalism, 101, 122

and Chanson d’Antioche, 27, 104

chronicles, 9, 42, 113

and pogroms, 16

and Pope Urban II, 18, 71

and The Siege of Jerusalem, 13, 103, 112–113

Floovant, 124

Flori, Jean, 116

Fourth Crusade, 90

Fourth Lateran Council, 10, 61

Francis of Assisi, 51

fraternal love/friendship, 15, 73, 76, 78, 80, 89–96

Frederick II, 52

Froissart, Jean, 15, 69, 77, 129

Frye, Northrop, 12

Fulcher of Chartres, 71, 114

Fulk of Neuilly, 117, 128

Galilee, 48

Gandhi, Leela, 8

Ganelon (The Siege of Milan), 23, 25–26, 30

Garcia d’Ayerve, 53

gentry, 11–12, 25, 74

Geoffroi de Charny, 15, 79, 132. See also Livre de chevalerie

Gerald of Wales, 116, 126

Germany, 52, 67, 74, 76, 93, 118, 132

Gervase of Canterbury, 116

Gesta Francorum, 113

Gesta Romanorum, 94, 207

Ghāzān Khān, 52

Ghillebert de Lannoy, 83

Gilbert de Tournai, 22, 59, 66

Gilbert, Jane, 12

Giles of Rome, 10, 21, 106. See also De regimine principum

Gilo of Paris, 113, 122

Gloucestershire, 96

God, 14, 23, 32, 34, 37–38, 43–46, 57, 66–67, 70, 81–82, 97, 134

and anger against, 9, 24, 27, 32, 34–35, 49

and anger of, 20, 22–23, 26, 38, 49

and crusading, 1, 5, 7, 13–14, 19, 32–36, 38, 48–49, 73, 83, 131

and friendship, 89, 93

and Guy of Warwick, 70, 83

and Holy Land, 6, 66

and Islam, 48

and Lactantius, 21

and love, 8, 10, 15, 61, 63, 71–72

and Otuel romances, 58–59, 62

and pride, 61

and service to, 5–6, 15, 72–73, 80, 85

and sleep, 45

and will of, 1, 48, 60

Godfrey of Bouillon, 55

Gopal, Priyamvada, 3, 133

Gower, John, 15–16, 26, 55, 61, 72, 86–87, 99, 129

and crusading for love, 86, 132

grief, 30, 33–34, 68, 101, 127–128

and anger, 32–33

and Chanson d’Antioche, 27

compassionate, 27–29, 108

and Guy of Warwick, 93

and The Siege of Jerusalem, 109, 111, 121

and The Siege of Milan, 28, 31

and The Sultan of Babylon, 40

Guard, Timothy, 74, 77, 96

Gui de Warewic, 15, 70

Guillaume de Machaut, 15, 71, 79, 132. See also La prise d’Alixandre

Hardman, Phillipa, 18

hate, 66, 105–106, 110

Hayton of Korykos, 52

Heng, Geraldine, 3–5, 60, 122

Henry IV, 99

Henry of Grosmont, 15, 72, 87, 100. See also Livre de seyntz medicines

Henry Scrope of Masham, 77

Hernis (Guy of Warwick), 76, 81, 83–84, 90–93

heroism, 4, 39, 50, 73, 77, 80, 116–118

heterosexual love, 73, 78, 81–83

Higden, Ranulph, 102, 109, 111–112, 116, 118

Hincmar of Reims, 21

history of emotions, 8

Hoccleve, Thomas, 129

Holy Land, 1, 6, 14, 25, 27–28, 35–36, 51–52, 54, 66, 90, 118–120

and Christian loss of, 9, 15

and Guy of Warwick, 74, 85

and Honorat Bovet, 134

and John Bromyard, 66

and John Gower, 99–100

and John Ryvere, 96

and Marino Sanudo, 43, 105

and Philippe de Mézières, 29, 72, 102

and pilgrimage, 93

and Ramon Llull, 53

and recovery treatises, 72, 95

and Ricaut Bonomel, 32

and Richard Beauchamp, 75

and Second Council of Lyons, 53

Holy Sepulchre, 18, 104

Honor, 71, 77–80, 82–83

pursuit of, 76, 90

of Virgin Mary, 80

of women, 79

Hospitaller, 59

humility, 68, 85, 88

humoral theory, 11, 106

Hundred Years War, 18, 25, 74, 77, 129

Hungary, 52, 68, 74, 79

idolatry, 44, 48

īlkhāns, 52, 55

Imād al-Dīn Zangī, 4, 9

imperialism, 2–3

invectives against heaven, 2, 27, 132

Islam, 3, 5, 35, 44, 54, 67, 131–134

and conversion to, 19, 36, 46–48

and īlkhāns, 52

and John Bromyard, 6, 66

and Orientalism, 3

Jacobus de Voragine, 102

Jacques de Helly, 54

Jacques de Vitry, 22, 28, 43, 51

James II, 52

Jauss, Hans Robert, 12

Jean le Maingre, 54, 71, 77–79. See also Livre des fais

Jerusalem, 28, 48, 65, 100, 103–104, 112–113, 116

and Ayyūbids, 9

and Guy of Warwick, 93

and Holy Sepulchre, 18

and Jewish population, 102, 108

and John Clanvowe, 96

and John Ryvere, 96

and massacres, 9, 16, 107, 112–113

and Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn, 4, 38, 112

and siege of, 13, 102, 105, 107, 110, 112

and William of Tyre, 114

Jews, 16, 102–103, 105, 108–113, 116–117, 133

John of Gaunt, 77, 87

John of Tynemouth, 102

Josephus, 102, 105, 107, 109, 111–112

Judea, 48

Kedar, Benjamin, 51

Keen, Maurice, 74, 97

Kempf, Damien, 112

The King of Tars, 44, 55

knight-errantry, 15, 70–71, 74

Krônike von Prûzinlant, 15, 80. See also Nicolaus of Jeroschin

La destruction de Rome, 14, 36–37, 132

La prise d’Alixandre, 15, 71, 79. See also Guillaume de Machaut

Laban (sultan) (The Sultan of Babylon), 14, 19–20, 36–46, 49, 132

Lancelot, 75, 78, 82, 87

Langton, Stephen, 117

Laurent of Orléans (Frère Laurent), 60

Lavynham, Richard, 61, 106

leprosy, 66, 103, 105

Lewis, Celia, 100

Liber de fine, 53, 59

Liber de virtutibus et vitiis, 94. See also Alcuin of York

Liber peregrinationis, 67. See also Riccoldo da Monte di Croce

Livre de chevalerie, 15, 79–80. See also Geoffroi de Charny

Livre de seyntz medicines, 87, 100. See also Henry of Grosmont

Livre des fais, 15, 54, 71, 77, 80. See also Jean le Maingre

Livre des trois vertus, 82. See also Christine de Pizan

Llull, Ramon, 53, 59, 95. See also Book of the Order of Chivalry

Lollards, 96–97, 99–100

Lombardy, 23, 29–30, 76, 83

London, 96, 99, 118, 129

Louis VII, 42

Louis IX, 4, 9, 32, 34, 46, 49, 64

love, 9–11, 15, 17, 38, 67, 71–76, 78–83, 93–97, 132

of God, 8, 15, 21, 40, 71, 73, 81, 85, 87, 94, 97

and Guy of Warwick, 70, 72–76, 78, 80–81, 83–84, 90–92, 94, 133

homosocial, 76, 81, 97

and Otuel romances, 62

of women, 71, 78, 82

worldly, 15, 72, 81

Lowe, Lisa, 2, 133

Ludolph of Suchem, 43, 119. See also De itinere terrae sanctae liber

Lydon, Jane, 8

Macedonia, 53

MacMurrough, Dermot, 126

Mamlūk(s), 4, 9, 43, 50–54, 59–60, 94–96, 134

and conversion, 53

and Ghāzān Khān, 52

reconquest of Acre, 1, 4–5, 28, 66–67

Sultan al-Zāhir Baybars, 32

Mandeville, John, 26, 66

Manion, Lee, 6

marriage, 53, 55, 76

Marshal Boucicaut, See Jean le Maingre

Martin of Pairis, 90

Martorell, Joanot, 95

Mary (The Siege of Jerusalem), 111–112, 122

Maurice de Bruyn, 74

McGrath, Kate, 119

McNamar, Sarah, 8

Mehmed II, 54

Metlitzki, Dorothee, 55

Mills, Maldwyn, 31

Mirour de l’Omme, 86

Mongol Empire/Mongols, 5, 14, 50–55

Moore, Megan, 8

Muhammad, 5, 34, 44, 46–48, 131

Murad I, 54

Nagy, Piroska, 10

Narin van Court, Elisa, 109

neocolonial cultures, 8

Neville, William, 96

New Philology, 7

New Testament, 89

Nicolaus of Jeroschin, 15, 80, 132. See also Krônike von Prûzinlant

Nicopolis (Battle of), 5, 9, 15, 38, 51, 53, 60, 68–69, 77, 79, 129–130

nobility, 11, 25, 74, 77

Normandy, 74, 77, 125

North Africa, 1, 5, 7, 9, 72, 77, 87

novel, 2–3, 12

British, 3

modern colonial, 2

N-Town Plays, 129

Occitan, 6, 14, 32–33

Octavian, 102

Odo of Deuil, 27–28, 42

Ogier (Otuel romances), 15, 42, 51, 62–63, 68

Old Testament, 9, 20, 47, 89

Oliferne, 55

Oliver (Otuel romances), 15, 51, 55, 62–64, 68, 133

Oliver (The Sultan of Babylon), 41

Oliver of Paderborn, 51

Order of the Garter, 76–77

Order of the Holy Sepulchre, 96

Order of the Passion of Jesus Christ, 25, 72, 95, 97, 100, 105

Oschema, Klaus, 89

Otinel, 50–51, 55–56

Ottokar von Steiermark, 35

Ottoman Empire, 14, 53–54, 67, 77, 79, 129, 134

and conquests of, 5, 9, 15, 50–51, 53–54, 60, 68

and forces of, 53

and piracy, 53

and rise of, 4, 48, 59, 133

and siege of Constantinople (1453), 1

and sultans, 38, 54, 68

Otuel (Otuel romances), 14, 51, 56–64

Palestine, 95

Paris, 25–26, 29

Paris, Matthew, 33–34, 47, 52, 64–65, 114

Peckham, John, 10

Pecock, Reginald, 10

Peraldus, William, 21, 72. See also Summa de vitiis

Peter I of Cyprus, 29, 75, 79

Peter the Hermit, 27, 123

Philippe de Mézières, 15, 29, 72, 87, 102–105, 107–108

and Epistre au roi Richart, 18, 25

and Epistre lamentable et consolatoire, 69

and Order of the Passion, 25, 72, 87, 100

and Songe du vieil pelerin, 54, 87

and Sustance de la chevalerie de la passion de Jhesu Crist, 87, 105

Piers Plowman, 129

Pintoin, Michel, 16, 38, 68, 129–130

Polychronicon, 102, 109, 116, 118. See also Ranulph Higden

polytheism, 3, 44

Pope Clement V, 52

Pope Clement VI, 54

Pope Gregory VIII, 29, 90

Pope Innocent III, 89

Pope Pius II, 54

Pope Sergius IV, 104

Pope Urban II, 18, 71

postcolonial studies, 2, 4, 16

Prester John, 51

pride, 45, 60–61, 64–66, 68–69, 94, 117, 130

and crusading defeats, 9, 64

and envy, 9, 15, 51, 60–66, 69

and Oliver, 15, 51

and Roland, 15, 51, 63, 65, 69

Prise d’Orange, 124

Prose Guy, 75

Prussia, 74–75, 77, 79

Ralph of Caen, 122

Ralph of Coggeshall, 116

Raymond of Aguilers, 122

reverse Orientalism, 2, 6, 51, 68–69, 132

Riccoldo da Monte di Croce, 34, 45–48, 52, 59, 67, 132. See also Liber peregrinationis

Ríkharðsdóttir, Sif, 8

Robert of Artois, 65

Robert of Reims, 112

Roger of Argenteuil, 102, 109

Roger of Howden, 117

Roger of Wendover, 38, 114

Roland (Otuel romances), 14–15, 51, 56–58, 60–65, 68–69, 133

Roland (The Siege of Milan), 23, 30–31, 35

Roland (The Sultan of Babylon), 33, 41

Rosenwein, Barbara H., 10

Rutebeuf, 53, 94

Ryvere, John, 95–96

Sabraham, Nicholas, 74

Said, Edward, 2–4, 16, 36, 133

saints, 12, 32–34, 44, 46–47, 64

Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn, 4, 38, 112, 125–128

Salimbene de Adam, 33–34, 47

Sanudo, Marino, 43, 52, 59, 102–103, 105, 107–108, 111, 125

Schiltberger, Johann, 67

Scrope v. Grosvenor, 74

Second Boer War, 3

Second Council of Lyons, 53, 59

Second Crusade, 9, 27, 42, 66, 107

sermons, 15, 22, 54, 82

Seventh Crusade, 33, 47, 64

shame, 29, 40, 59–60, 67–68

and fear, 11, 14, 56, 58, 60

Shepherd, Stephen, 32

Siddiqi, Yumna, 2

siege of Jerusalem

accounts of, 9, 107

in 1099, 112

in 70 CE, 13, 102

siege of Lisbon, 43, 107, 119. See also Second Crusade

siege of Ma‘arra, 16, 101, 122

Sir Ferumbras, 55

Sir Isumbras, 102

Smyrna, 53–54

sorrow, 8–9, 11, 28, 30, 32–34, 40, 85, 97, 114, 121, 123, 126, 128

and anger, 27, 101

and Augustine, 61, 107

and compassion, 27–28, 129

and The Siege of Jerusalem, 13, 16, 103, 109–111

and The Siege of Milan, 13, 20, 27, 30, 49

and The Sultan of Babylon, 20, 44, 47, 49

and vengeance, 19, 49

Spain, 1, 5, 18, 52, 72, 74, 76–77, 87

Speculum Gy de Warewyke, 94

Spencer, Stephen, 8, 42

Stanegrave, Roger, 59, 66

Suchenwirt, Peter, 80, 132

Summa confessorum, 21

Summa de vitiis, 21, 72. See also William Peraldus

Summa praedicantium, 5–6, 67, 116. See also John Bromyard

Swinderby, William, 99

Syria, 52, 55, 95–96

Tafurs, 123–125, 127

Tarnowski, Andrea, 88

Tattersall, Jill, 124

Tervagant, 44, 46, 48

Teutonic Order, 75–76

Thadeo of Naples, 59

Third Crusade, 13, 29, 38, 90, 110, 119, 125

Thomas of Chobham, 21

Thomas of Moulton (RCL), 119, 128

Thornton, Robert, 50, 56–58, 61, 64, 68, 129. See also alliterative Morte Arthure

Thrace, 53

Throop, Susanna A., 8, 22

Tirri (Guy of Warwick), 74, 83–86, 92–94

Titus (The Siege of Jerusalem), 13, 102–110

Tolan, John V., 3, 5

travel literature, 15, 26, 66–67

Tripoli, 48, 112

Tristan, 75, 78

Tunis, 15, 33, 49

Tunisia, 9, 96

Turpin (The Siege of Milan), 20, 23–26, 29–33, 35, 45, 49

Two Ways, The, 96, 100. See also John Clanvowe

Tyerman, Christopher, 74, 77, 87

Vecchio, Silvana, 10

vengeance, 8, 11, 19, 28, 40, 105–107, 114, 130–131, 133

and anger, 22

and Aquinas, 21

and Guy of Warwick, 94

and RCL, 120

and The Siege of Jerusalem, 101, 103–107, 109, 115–116

and The Siege of Milan, 13, 23, 27–29, 49, 101

and The Sultan of Babylon, 14, 20, 37–40, 49

Vespasian, 13, 102–105, 107–109

Virgin Mary, 1, 9, 14, 19, 31–36, 45, 80

Vox Clamantis, 26, 86–87, 99. See also John Gower

Wallace, David, 7

Warm, Robert, 18

White, Stephen D., 22

William of Adam, 52

William of Newburgh, 110

William of Tudela, 124

William of Tyre, 102, 112, 114–115, 123

Wyclif, John, 16, 99–100

Wynkyn de Worde, 128

Yeager, Suzanne M., 102–103

Yee, Jennifer, 3, 133

York, 10, 110

zeal, 21, 28, 30–31, 43

Book contents

Index

Information

Index

Accessibility standard: Unknown

Why this information is here

Accessibility Information

Book contents

Index

Information

Accessibility standard: Unknown

Why this information is here

Accessibility Information

Save book to Kindle

Save book to Dropbox

Save book to Google Drive