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The Joiners: Active Voluntary Association Membership in Twenty African Countries

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2026

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Sara Compion*
Affiliation:
Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies, Kean University, Union, NJ, USA
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scompion@kean.edu
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Abstract

To what extent do sub-Saharan Africans actively participate in voluntary groups, and how does development aid influence this involvement? This paper presents a baseline assessment of membership predictors for secular and religious voluntary groups across 20 sub-Saharan African countries. Using Afrobarometer survey data, I adopt an asset-based resources approach in which development aid is seen to mobilize local resources and increase incentives to join voluntary groups. The theory is tested with multilevel, cross-national logistic regression models, including both individual-level and country-level variables to predict active membership. At the individual level, I find that membership in voluntary groups is most likely among those who are well educated, rural-dwelling, male, black, and middle aged—a reflection of social advantage. However, poorer Africans are also likely to join such groups, as are those with a strong religious affinity. At the national level, development aid is positively tied to voluntary group membership, but democratic and economic progresses have little to no consequence on this behavior.

Résumé

Résumé

Dans quelle mesure les Africains du Sud du Sahara prennent-ils activement part à des groupes bénévoles et comment l’aide au développement influence-t-elle cette implication? Le présent article présente une évaluation de ligne de base des indicateurs de prédiction de l’adhésion à des groupes bénévoles séculiers et religieux de 20 pays africains du Sud du Sahara. À l’aide des données du sondage Afrobarometer, j’adopte une approche des ressources fondée sur les actifs où l’aide au développement est considérée comme un élément mobilisant les ressources locales et incitant à adhérer à des groupes bénévoles. La théorie est testée à l’aide de modèles de régression logistique transnationale à niveau multiple, incluant des variables de niveau individuel et de niveau national pour prédire l’adhésion active. Au niveau individuel, je découvre que l’adhésion aux groupes bénévoles est plus probable au sein des hommes noirs d’âge moyen éduqués vivant en milieu rural, synonyme d’avantages sociaux. Les Africains plus pauvres ont aussi tendance à se joindre à de tels groupes, à l’instar de ceux ayant des affinités religieuses marquées. Au niveau national, l’aide au développement est positivement associée à l’adhésion à des groupes bénévoles, mais les progrès démocratiques et économiques ont peu ou pas de conséquences sur ce comportement.

Zusammenfassung

Zusammenfassung

In welchem Umfang nehmen Afrikaner südlich der Sahara aktiv an freiwilligen Gruppen teil und wie beeinflusst die Entwicklungshilfe ihr Engagement? Der vorliegende Beitrag präsentiert eine Basisbewertung der Prädiktoren für eine Mitgliedschaft in säkularen und religiösen freiwilligen Gruppen in 20 Ländern in Subsahara-Afrika. Unter Verwendung von Afrobarometer-Umfragedaten wird ein Asset-Based Ressourcenansatz angewandt, demzufolge die Entwicklungshilfe lokale Ressourcen mobilisiert und den Anreiz für eine Mitgliedschaft in freiwilligen Gruppen erhöht. Die Theorie wird anhand mehrstufiger, länderübergreifender logistischer Regressionsmodelle getestet, einschließlich Variablen auf der individuellen und der Landesebene, um eine aktive Mitgliedschaft zu prognostizieren. Auf der individuellen Ebene sieht man, dass vornehmlich gebildete, schwarze Männer mittleren Alters aus ländlichen Wohngegenden - eine Reflektion sozial Bevorteilter - Mitglieder in freiwilligen Gruppen sind. Allerdings besteht auch die Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass sich ärmere Afrikaner mit einer starken religiösen Affinität diesen Gruppen anschließen. Auf der Landesebene steht die Entwicklungshilfe in positiver Verbindung zur Mitgliedschaft in freiwilligen Gruppen, während sich der demokratische und ökonomische Fortschritt nur wenig oder gar nicht auf dieses Verhalten auswirkt.

Resumen

Resumen

¿En qué medida los africanos subsaharianos participan activamente en grupos voluntarios, y cómo la ayuda al desarrollo influye en esta implicación? El presente documento presenta una evaluación de referencia de predictores de la afiliación a grupos voluntarios seculares y religiosos en 20 países africanos subsaharianos. Utilizando datos de la encuesta Afrobarometer, adopto un enfoque sobre recursos basado en activos en el que se considera que la ayuda al desarrollo moviliza los recursos sociales y aumenta los incentivos para incorporarse a grupos voluntarios. Se pone a prueba la teoría con modelos de regresión logística multiniveles transnacionales, incluidas variables tanto a nivel individual como a nivel de país para predecir la afiliación activa. A nivel individual, encuentro que la afiliación a grupos voluntarios es más probable entre aquellos que tienen buena educación, que viven en zonas rurales, hombres, negros y de mediana edad - un reflejo de la ventaja social. Sin embargo, también es probable que los africanos más pobres se incorporen a dichos grupos, como sucede con aquellos con una fuerte afinidad religiosa. A nivel nacional, la ayuda al desarrollo va unida positivamente a la afiliación a grupos voluntarios pero el progreso democrático y económico tiene poca o ninguna consecuencia sobre dicho comportamiento.

摘要

摘要

撒哈拉以南非洲地区在多大程度上积极参与志愿团体,以及发展如何帮助影响这一参与?本文介绍了20个撒哈拉以南非洲地区国家的世俗和宗教志愿团体的会员预测指标的基准评估。使用非洲晴雨表调查数据,我采用了基于资产的资源方法,其中发展帮助被视为调用本地资源,增加加入志愿团体的激励。使用多级、跨国物流回归模型测试了该理论,包括个人级别和国家级别的变量,从而预测活跃会员。在个人级别,我发现志愿团体的会员最有可能是接受过很好教育、居住在农村、男性、黑人和中等年纪的人—反映出社会优势。然而,更加贫穷的非洲人也可能会加入此类团体,具有强大宗教传统的人也是如此。在国家级别,发展资助与志愿团队会员紧密相关,但是民主和经济进度对这一行为产生很少或不产生任何后果。

要約

要約

サハラ以南のアフリカ人はどの程度ボランティアグループに積極的に参加しているのか、開発援助ではこの関与がどのように影響しているか?本論文では、サハラ以南のアフリカ諸国20ケ国における宗教的なボランティアグループのメンバーシップが予測する基準評価について述べる。アフロバロメーターの調査データを用いて、ローカル資源を結集してボランティアグループ参加の動機を高める開発援助の資産基盤のリソース・アプローチを採用する。理論では、活動的なメンバーシップを予測する個人レベルと国レベルの両方の変数を含むマルチレベルの国際ロジスティック回帰モデルをテストする。個人レベルでは、社会的な優位性の反映として、教養がある農村居住者の中年の黒人男性はボランティアのメンバーシップ・グループになることがわかった。しかしながら、貧しいアフリカ人はこのようなグループに参加する可能性が高く、強い宗教に親しみを持っている。国家レベルでは、開発援助は積極的にボランティアグループのメンバーシップに関連付けられているが、民主主義と経済の進歩はこれほど重要視されていない。

ملخص

ملخص

أي مدى أفارقة جنوب الصحراء الكبرى يشاركون بنشاط في المجموعات التطوعية، وكيف أن المساعدات التنموية تؤثر في هذه المشاركة؟ يتقدم هذا البحث بتقييم أساسي للتنبؤ بعضوية المجموعات التطوعية العلمانية والدينية في 20 بلد أفريقي في جنوب الصحراء الكبرى. بإستخدام بيانات إستطلاع الرأي الأفريقية كمقياس أنا أتخذ نهج الموارد القائم على الأصول الذي ينظر إلى مساعدات التنمية لتعبئة الموارد المحلية وزيادة الحوافز للإنضمام إلى الجماعات التطوعية. يتم إختبار النظرية بمستويات متعددة ، ونماذج الإنحدار اللوجستي عبر الوطنية، بما في ذلك على المستوى الفردي والمتغيرات على المستوى القطري للتنبؤ بالعضوية العاملة. على المستوى الفردي، أجد الأرجح بين أولئك الذين تعلموا تعليما” جيدا”، من الريف -مسكن، ذكر، ذو البشرة السوداء ومنتصف العمر، إنعكاسا” لميزة إجتماعية. ومع ذلك، الأكثر فقرا” من الأفارقة من المحتمل أن ينضموا إلى هذه الجماعات، كذلك تلك التي لديها تقارب ديني قوي أيضا”.على المستوى الوطني، مساعدات التنميةترتبط بشكل إيجابي مع عضوية المجموعة التطوعية لكن التقدم الديمقراطي والإقتصادي لديه قليل إلى دون نتيجة على هذا السلوك.

Keywords

Voluntary association membershipCivic participationSub-Saharan AfricaMultilevel models

Information

Type
Original Paper
Information
Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations , Volume 28 , Issue 3 , June 2017 , pp. 1270 - 1300
Copyright
Copyright © International Society for Third-Sector Research and The Johns Hopkins University 2017

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