Abbreviations

ABAC

APEC Business Advisory Council

ACCTS

Agreement on Climate Change, Trade and Sustainability

ACIA

ASEAN Comprehensive Investment Agreement

ADNDRC

Asian Domain Name Dispute Resolution Centre

ADR

alternative dispute resolution

AEC

ASEAN Economic Community

AFAS

ASEAN Framework Agreement on Services

AI

artificial intelligence

AIAC

Asian International Arbitration Centre

AILA

Aliansi Cinta Keluarga [Family Love Alliance] (Indonesia)

AMA

Arbitration–Mediation–Arbitration

APEC

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation

ASCL

American Society of Comparative Law

ASCN

ASEAN Smart Cities Network

ASEAN

Association of Southeast Asian Nations

ATISA

ASEAN Trade in Services Agreement

BICC

Bahrain International Commercial Court

BIT

bilateral investment agreement

BRI

Belt and Road Initiative

CAMP

Centre for Advanced Mediation Practice

CCIG

Geneva Chamber of Commerce and Industry

CCP

Chinese Communist Party

CDC Act

Communicable Disease Control Act

CECC

Central Epidemic Command Center

CFA

Court of Final Appeal

CIETAC

China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission

CPP

Cambodian People’s Party

CPPCC

China’s People’s Political Consultative Conference

CPTPP

Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership

CPV

Communist Party of Vietnam

CSO

civil society organization

CTMA

COVID-19 (Temporary Measures) Act

DB

dispute board

DEPA

Digital Economy Partnership Agreement

DIAC

Dubai International Arbitration Centre

DIFC

Dubai International Financial Centre

DNDR

Domain Name Dispute Resolution

DPR

Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat [Parliament] (Indonesia)

DRV

Democratic Republic of Vietnam

ERP

Essential Religious Practices

ESG

environmental, social, and governance

FCN

Friendship, Commerce and Navigation

FDI

foreign direct investment

FET

fair and equitable treatment

FPI

Forum Pembela Islam [Islamic Defenders Front] (Indonesia)

FTA

free trade agreement

GAR

Global Arbitration Review

GDP

gross domestic product

GPAI

Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence

HKIAC

Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre

HKMC

Hong Kong Mediation Centre

HKNSL

Hong Kong National Security Law

HKSAR

Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

IAL

Inter-Asian Law

ICSID

International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes

ICT

information and communications technology

IDA

Infectious Diseases Act

IDCPA

Infectious Disease Control and Prevention Act

IEEE

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

IMDA

Infocomm Media Development Authority

IMF

International Monetary Fund

ISCPA

Infectious Disease Control and Prevention Act

ISDS

investor–state dispute settlement

ISO

International Organization for Standardization

JASCA

Japan Association for Smart Cities in ASEAN

JCAA

Japan Commercial Arbitration Association

JICA

Japan International Cooperation Agency

JIMC

Japan International Mediation Centre

KCAB

Korean Commercial Arbitration Board

KUHP

Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (Indonesia)

LDII

Indonesian Islamic Propagation Institute

LGBT

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, or Transgender

LIPIA

Islamic and Arabic College of Indonesia

MERS

Middle East respiratory syndrome

METI

Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry

MFA

Multi Fiber Agreement

MFN

most-favored nation

MIC

Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications

MIFER

Ministry of Investment and Foreign Economic Relations

MLIT

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism (Japan)

MOLIT

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (Japan)

MoU

memorandum of understanding

MR

menstrual regulation

MTI

Ministry of Trade and Industry

MUI

Majelis Ulama Indonesia [Indonesian Council of Ulema] (Indonesia)

NGO

non-governmental organization

NIEO

New International Economic Order

NPC

National People’s Congress

NPC-SC

National People’s Congress-Standing Committee

NTHU

National Tsing Hua University

NU

Nahdlatul Ulama (Indonesia)

ODA

official development assistance

ODR

online dispute resolution

OECD

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

ORFS

Outcome Related Fee Structures for Arbitration

PAN

Partai Amanat Nasional [National Mandate Party] (Indonesia)

PDPC

Personal Data Protection Commission

PKB

Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa [National Awakening Party] (Indonesia)

PKS Party

Partai Keadilan Sejahtera [Prosperous Justice Party] (Indonesia)

POMH

public order, morality, and health

PPP

Partai Persatuan Pembangunan [United Development Party] (Indonesia)

PRC

People’s Republic of China

RCEP

Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership

RUU APP

Rancangan Undang-Undang Anti Pornografi dan Pornoaksi [Draft Law on Anti-pornography and Pornoaction] (Indonesia)

RUU PKS

Rancangan Undang-Undang Penghapusan Kekerasan Seksual [Draft Law of the Elimination of Sexual Violence] (Indonesia)

RUU TPKS

Rancangan Undang-Undang Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual [Draft Law on Sexual Violence Crimes] (Indonesia)

SAR

Special Administrative Region

SARS

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

SCCR

Supreme Council for Consultation and Recommendation

SCIA

Shenzhen Court of International Arbitration

SCO

Shanghai Cooperation Organization

SEZ

special economic zone

SIAC

Singapore International Arbitration Centre

SIArb

Singapore Institute of Arbitrators

SICC

Singapore International Commercial Court

SIMC

Singapore International Mediation Centre

Smart JAMP

Smart City Supported by Japan–ASEAN Mutual Partnership

SOE

state-owned enterprise

SRV

Socialist Republic of Vietnam

TPF

third-party funding

TPP

Trans-Pacific Partnership

TSMC

Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company

UDRP

Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy

UNCITRAL

United Nations Commission on International Trade Law

UNCTAD

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

UNESCAP

United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific

USSR

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

UUTPKS

Undang-Undang Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual [Law Number 12 of 2022 on Sexual Violence] (Indonesia)

VIAC

Vietnam International Arbitration Centre

VMC

Vietnam Mediation Centre

WTO

World Trade Organization