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Structural and ultrastructural analysis of embryonic development of Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1836) (Characiforme; Prochilodontidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 August 2006

Alexandre Ninhaus-Silveira ,
Fausto Foresti  and
Alexandre de Azevedo
Alexandre Ninhaus-Silveira*
Affiliation:
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Depto. de Biologia e Zootecnia, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo, Brazil.
Fausto Foresti
Affiliation:
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Depto. de Morfologia, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
Alexandre de Azevedo
Affiliation:
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Depto. de Morfologia, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
*
All correspondence to: A. Ninhaus-Silveira, Departamento de Biologia e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista/Ilha Solteira, Av. Brasil, 56, Centro, Postal Box 31, CEP: 15385-000, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo, Brazil. Tel/Fax: +55 02118 3743-1285/3743-1186. e-mail: ninhaus@bio.feis.unesp.br
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Summary

This survey was performed to characterize the embryogenesis of Prochilodus lineatus. Seven stages of embryo development were identified – zygote, cleavage, blastula, gastrula, segmentation, larval and hatching – after a period of incubation of 22 h (24 °C) or 14 h (28 °C). The following cleavage pattern was identified: the first plane was vertical (2 blastomeres); the second was vertical and perpendicular to the first (4 blastomeres); the third was vertical and parallel to the first (4 × 2); the fourth cleavage was vertical and parallel to the second (4 × 4); the fifth was vertical and parallel to the first (4 × 8); and the sixth cleavage was horizontal (64 blastomeres). At the blastula stage (3.0–4.0 h (24 °C); 1.66–2.0 h (28 °C)) irregular spaces were detected and periblast structuring was initiated. At the gastrula stage (4.0–8.0 h (24 °C); 3.0–6.0 h (28 °C)) the epiboly, convergence and cell movements, as well as the formation of embryonic layers, had begun. The segmentation stage (10.0–15.0 h (24 °C); 7.0–10.0 h (28 °C)) was characterized by a rudimentary formation of organs and systems (somites, optic vesicle and intestinal delimitation). The embryo at the larval stage (16.0–21.0 h (24 °C); 11.0–13.0 h (28 °C)) showed a free tail, more than 25 somites, an optic vesicle and a ready-to-hatch larval shape. The blastomeres at cleavage stage had disorganized nuclei indicating high mitotic activity. At gastrula, the blastomeres and the periblast had euchromatic nuclei and a large number of mitochondria and vesicles. The yolk was organized into globose sacs, which were dispersed into small pieces prior to absorption.

Keywords

CharaciformeEmbryoEmbryogenesisProchilodus lineatusTeleost

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
Zygote , Volume 14 , Issue 3 , August 2006 , pp. 217 - 229
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2006

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