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Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 December 2019

Malcolm Jorgensen
Malcolm Jorgensen
Affiliation:
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin

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American Foreign Policy Ideology and the International Rule of Law
Contesting Power through the International Criminal Court
 , pp. 277 - 284
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020
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Index

Abu Ghraib, 207–208, 219, 268, 271, See Bush, George W.
American exceptionalism, 207–208
Afghanistan Situation
ICC investigation, 14, 268
Pre-Trial Chamber, 270
Afghanistan War 2001, 103, 162, 207, 214
aggression, crime of. See Rome Statute
activation, 221, 256
complementarity and, 254
legalism and, 253
non-state parties, 255
Nuremberg precedent, 221
prosecution routes, 244, 254
rationale, 242
Understandings, the, 244–245
UNSC control, 184
US policy toward, 239, 244, 253, 254
humanitarian intervention, 245–246
Albright, Madeleine, 131
American exceptionalism, 26, 130
liberal internationalism, 135
realism and idealism, 130
American exceptionalism
check on US power, 270, 276
competing varients, 68, 69
definition, 24, 25
history of, 25, 26
ICC policy and, 267
ideology and, 26, 69
imperial power and, 47
legal scholarship, 24, 27–32
realism and, 69
Syria and, 23
US global responsibilities, 99, 188, 196
American foreign policy ideology
dimensionality
governance dimension, 74, 75
values dimension, 75, 76
diplomatic history, 63–64
four-part typologies, 65, 68, 224, 230
idealism and realism, 130, 223
illiberal internationalism, 74
illiberal nationalism, 74
illiberalism, 76
internationalism, 74
Jacksonians, 64, 66, 67
liberal internationalism, 74
liberal nationalism, 74
liberalism, 63, 75
messianism, 46, 52, 63, 91
nationalism, 75
US Supreme Court and, 273
Wilsonians, 66, 73
Amnesty International, 180, 205, 208, 214
Annan, Kofi, 132, 205
Art. 98 agreements, 179, See Rome Statute, Bolton, John
EU position, 180
practical effect, 189
SOFA, 187
ASPA, 179, 183
amendment, 192, 213
Art. 98 agreements and, 179
Clinton opposition, 179
Dodd Amendment, 186
EU position, 180
liberal internationalist criticism, 186
Bassiouni, Cherif, 15, 146, 148, 155, 158, 174, 208
Bellinger III, John, 14, 41, 104
Bolton, John and, 200
commitment to IL, 199
ICC policy continuity, 199
ideology, 196
international judicial power, 215
Iraq War 2003, 273
rule of law, 195, 198
Bolton, John, 159
Afghanistan Situation, 269
Art. 98 agreements, 188
compliance with IL, 170
EU criticism of, 200
ICC and US Constitution, 169
ICC prosecutor, 182
ICJ, 117
ideological beliefs, 165–166
jurisprudence, 112
Trump administration, 261, 264
unsigning Rome Statute, 166, 170
Bork, Robert, 112, 114, 117
ICC, 169, 170
Bradley, Curtis, 108, 160, 172, 203
Brazil, 206, 215, 243, 249
Bush, George H. W., 2
Clinton criticism by, 129
ICC policy, 125–128, 134
illiberalism, 126
internationalism, 127
Bush, George W.
Bush Doctrine, 116
Darfur referral, 209
Habermas, Jürgen on, 260
ICC, criticism of, 192
ideological beliefs, 32, 117, 161
illiberal nationalism, 168
legalistic policies, 202–204
liberal internationalism and, 162
NSS 2002, 163, 181, 202
pragmatic development of IL, 198, 203, 204
unsigning Rome Statute, 171, 235
War on Terror, 116, 162, 186, 194, 202, 213
enhanced interrogation, 203
Geneva Conventions, 194
prisoner abuse scandal, 205, 207–208, 213, 268
Cassese, Antonio, 154, 198
Chesterman, Simon, 81, 83, 84, 85, 86
Christopher, Warren, 129, 130
confirmation hearing, 135
CICC, 123, 146, 151, 205
Clinton, Hillary, 239
American exceptionalism, 206
ideological beliefs, 229–231
Clinton, William J., 156, 160
ICC personal support, 133, 134
ICC signature, 139
ideological beliefs, 128
Iraq airstrikes, 272
Wilsonianism, 128, 163, 193
comparative international law, 9, 70, 88
European and American views, 41, 45, 89, 196
Darfur situation, 201, See UNSC
Commission of Inquiry, 198, 214
UNSC referral, 200, 204, 209, 213, 214, 218, 249, 252
Department of Defense
ICC policy under Clinton, 136, 143
UNSC control of ICC, 143, 144, 156
Department of State
Legal Adviser, 10, 11, 41, 84, 126, 133, 139, 150, 164, 195, 196, 221, 231
Dicey, A. V., 82, 93
Dodd, Christopher, 134, 135, 185, 193
ASPA criticism, 213
EU, 124
ASPA criticism, 180
ICC relationship, 197
Kampala Conference, 234
sovereign equality, 174
US criticism of, 170, 200
foreign policy
definition, 7
Foreign Policy Analysis
definition, 9
levels of analysis, 48
foreign policy ideology, 4, See ideology
definition, 57
legal scholarship and, 70–73
meanings, 56
populism and, 75
US constitution and, 71
Friedman, Wolfgang, 77
Germany, 124, 141, 150, 180, 234
Goldsmith, Jack, 32, 100, 108, 115
Darfur referral, 209
hegemonic privilege, 175–177
The Limits of International Law, 34–35, 76, 81, 113, 119
Grewe, Wilhelm, 1, 36
Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, 101, 106, 273
hegemonic international law
American hegemony, 36
counter-hegemonic interests, 37
definition, 35
hegemonial lawmaking, 36
policy-oriented jurisprudence and, 40
Helms, Jesse, 64, 113, 117, 138, 145, 164, 168, 169, 171, 178, 184, 266
Bolton, John on, 166
Higgins, Rosalyn
international rule of law, 84, 85, 87, 95
policy-oriented jurisprudence and, 41
US power, 43
Human Rights Watch, 144, 146, 206
ICC. See aggression, crime of, Rome Statute
amnesties, 133, 137
complementarity, 145, 149
definition, 149
prosecutorial independence, 149–151
delegated jurisdiction, 151–155
EU relationship, 167, 197
history, 12–13
judicial independence, 147, 269
jurisdiction over non-state parties, 249
OTP, 150, 268
proprio motu powers, 149
separation of powers, 146
UN relationship, 197
UNSC control, 141, 173
US values and, 269
ICJ, 117, 126, 135
Armed Activities Case, 95
Nicaragua Case, 2, 115, 116, 272
separation of powers, 95
ICTR, 13, 140, 149
ICTY, 13, 43, 140, 149, 176
ideology. See foreign policy ideology
definitions, 54–56
dimensionality, 58
foreign policy ideology, 56–57
ideal types, 59
ideas as beliefs, 53
interests and, 53, 212
International Relations, 51, 53
populism and, 75
power legitimation, 56
Ignatieff, Michael
American exceptionalism, 29–30
ILC, 12, 93, 123, 127
illiberal internationalism, 96–97, 101–102
consent to judicial power, 105
customary IL, 106
domestic courts, 106
domestic politics and, 102
equality meaning, 104
hegemonic privilege, 104, 209
international judicial power, 105, 156
legal diplomacy, 196
pragmatic development of IL, 102
realpolitik and, 101
treaties, 106
illiberal nationalism, 112–113
Bush doctrine, 116
equality meaning, 116
municipal supremacy, 117
permissive development of IL, 114
populism and, 113
relative sovereignty, 115
rogue states, 116
Schmitt, Carl, 116
strategic costs of, 201
terrorism, 194
interdisciplinary research, 8–11
international law policy
coherence, meaning of, 119
definition, 7
interdisciplinarity, 8
interests and ideology, 266
International Law scholarship, 8, 16, 24, 27, 38, 40, 51, 70, 92, 266
International Relations, 40
constructivism, 52
FPA subfield, 9
ideology and, 51
IR and IL, 8
neoclassical realism, 51–53
definition, 52
realism and institutions, 34
international rule of law
balance of power, 33
commitment to process, 275
competing conceptions, 88
Dicey, A. V. formulation, 83
equality meanings, 85
functionalist definition, 84
global governance, 84
ICC as exemplar, 15
integrity of judicial power, 86
non-arbitrary global governance, 84
separation of powers, 87
sovereign equality, 119
UN endorsement, 80
Iraq War 2003, 32, 45, 115, 162, 163, 207, 214, 272
legality, 2, 3, 44, 231
Taft IV, William, 273
Jackson, Andrew, 148, 263
Kagan, Robert, 32–33, 37, 160, 175, 276
Habermas, Jürgen on, 260
liberalism and, 47
Kennan, George, 64, 92
Kennedy, David, 38, 39
Koh, Harold
American exceptionalism, 29–32
Bush 43 administration on, 235, 238, 239
commitment to IL, 231
humanitarian intervention, 100
ICC policy shift, 220
ideological beliefs, 231–232
Iraq War 2003, 3
signature Rome Statute, 235–238
transnational legal process, 98, 231
Koskenniemi, Martti
domestic analogy, 95
hegemony, 37
law and politics, 5, 87, 275, 276
policy-oriented jurisprudence, 39
US imperialism, 89
Kosovo Intervention 1999, 99, 246
policy-oriented jurisprudence and, 42
lawfare, 161, 207, 254
Rumsfeld, Donald on, 161, 182
legal policymakers
definition, 10
legal policymaking, 11
WHR typology and, 60
legalism
cosmopolitanism, 91
defining equality, 140, 174, 205, 242
definition, 89
determining judicial power, 95, 146, 179, 214, 249
developing global governance, 132, 167, 197, 233
domestic analogy, 90
formalised development of IL, 92–93
ICC and UNSC, 214, 249
judges, 95
pejorative uses, 90
positive obligations, 94
power and, 89
sovereign equality, 93, 242
UN peacekeeper immunity, 205
US advocates of, 92
value of, 275
liberal internationalism
Bush 43 administration and, 185
complementarity, 156
democracy and, 97, 100, 227
exceptionalist responsibilities, 142
humanitarian intervention, 99
legalism and, 97, 98
liberal equality, 99
municipal rule of law and, 96
transnational development of IL, 98
US Constitution, 98
Wilsonianism, 66, 73, 96, 97, 129
liberal nationalism, 107–109
democracy and, 107
human rights, 110
illiberalism and, 108
inviolable sovereignty, 110
isolationism and, 172
Obama, Barack, 228–229
Paul, Rand, 108
Paul, Ron, 108–110, 185
protective development of IL, 109
UN and, 109
US Constitution, 109
vertical separation of powers, 111, 185
Libyan Civil War 2011
UNSC referral, 249, 252
Lietzau, William, 143
commitment to IL, 137, 148
draft elements of crimes, 136
LMS, 124, 147, 151, 158, 202
Lotus Case, 103, 152
Matheson, Michael, 84, 139
Mead, Walter Russell
American exceptionalism, 69
Bush, George W., 163
Clinton, William J., 129
foreign policy traditions, 65, 67–68, 74
Hamiltonians, 66
Jacksonians, 67, 112, 194, 263
Jeffersonians, 66
legal scholarship and, 71–73
Obama, Barack, 223
Powell, Colin, 164
Trump, Donald, 263
Wilsonians, 66
Morris, Madeline, 153–155
Murphy, John, 28, 44, 81, 142
NGOs, 123, 147
Nolte, Georg, 80, 154
Nuremberg Tribunal, 12, 134, 146, 259
aggression, 221
ICC comparison, 240, 247
Obama, Barack
American exceptionalism, 23
Bush 43 comparison, 241
commitment to IL, 221
conservative criticism of, 223
ideological beliefs, 229
illiberal internationalism, 229
liberal internationalism, 222
liberal nationalism, 228–229
Niebuhr, Reinhold, 223
Nobel Lecture, 225, 226–227, 245
Nobel Peace Prize, 220
NSS 2010, 227, 228, 234, 251
NSS 2015, 257
realism, 228
rule of law, 227
signature Rome Statute, 235–238, 267
transnational development of IL, 238
US global responsibilities, 245
Persian Gulf War 1991, 2, 126, 272, 273
policy-oriented jurisprudence
American exceptionalism, 48
American legal realism, 39
distinctive US policy and, 38–44
legal positivism and, 41
New Haven School, 40, 48
political and legal realism, 42
US power and, 43, 48
populism, 113
globalism and, 262
ideology and, 75
rising support, 61
Trump administration, 262
Posner, Eric, 35
The Limits of International Law, 34–35, 76, 81, 113, 119
Powell, Colin, 162, 164, 166, 184
Rapp, Stephen
aggression, crime of, 253
humanitarian intervention, 246
ICC and US Constitution, 252
unsigning Rome Statute, 236
US global responsibilities, 240
Rice, Condoleezza, 216
Abu Ghraib, 208
ASPA criticism, 213
Bellinger, John and, 195
Bolton, John and, 191, 195
commitment to IL, 193, 211, 274
Darfur referral, 210
ideological beliefs, 192–195
rule of law, 274
Rice, Susan, 239
Rome Statute, 13
Art. 8bis, 244, 245
Art. 12, 152, 255
Art. 13(b), 205, 206, 211, 251
Art. 15bis, 244, 255, 256
Art. 15ter, 244, 256
Art. 16, 204, 244, 251
Art. 17(1)(a), 149
Art. 18, 150
Art. 34, 150
Art. 42, 150
Art. 53(1), 150
Art. 98, 187, 188, 217
Arts. 6, 7 & 8, 13, 246
draft statute 1994, 145, 243
Kampala Conference, 221, 243, 244, 254, 256
Rome Conference, 13, 124, 142, 157, 236
unsigning effect, 235
Rubenfeld, Jed, 109, 112
constitutionalism, 44–47
Sanders, Bernie, 108, 110
Sands, Philippe, 182, 192, 210, 274
delegated jurisdiction, 154
law and power, 3, 77, 174, 190, 203
rule of law, 3, 173, 174, 179
US Supreme Court on, 273
Scharf, Michael, 126, 128, 133, 168, 209
Scheffer, David
American exceptionalism, 27, 156
Art. 98 agreements, 187
Bolton, John, 212
delegated jurisdiction, 153
ICC policy contradictions, 15, 137, 139, 142, 143, 266
ideological beliefs, 131
Rome Conference, on, 138, 142, 157, 187
rule of law, 141
UNSC privileges, 247
unsigning Rome Statute, 235
Sewell, Sarah, 239
Shklar, Judith, 89, 90, 91, 259
legalism, value of, 276
Slaughter, Anne-Marie, 16, 28, 101
humanitarian intervention, 99
rule of law, 96
Taft IV, William, 3, 164, 165, 195
Iraq War 2003, 273
Trump, Donald, 4
ICC policy, 14, 262, 270
ideological beliefs, 64, 262, 265
IL policy, 6, 261–265
illiberal nationalism, 263
Jacksonian, 263
signature Rome Statute, 267
US Supreme Court, 273
United States
ICC policy
Art. 98 agreements, 187
ASP attendance, 236
ASPA, 179, 183
complementarity, 150, 269
customary IL, 136, 152, 153, 157
delegated jurisdiction, 152
domestic prosecutions, 170, 183, 216, 251, 270
global responsibilities, 27, 105, 135, 142, 143, 176, 186, 196, 207, 240, 245
hegemonic privilege, 175–177
hybrid courts, 198, 216, 251
hypocrisy, 141, 142, 177, 196, 257, 265, 268
independent prosecutor, 150, 151
international judicial power, 153, 253
law and politics, 267
territorial jurisdiction, 151–155
torture, 44, 110, 115, 182, 264
UNSC control, 155, 217, 243
unsigning Rome Statute, 170, 171, 267
US Constitution and, 73, 106, 138, 148, 164, 169, 184, 185, 252
IL policy
customary IL, 106, 108, 164
global responsibilities, 145, 227
hypocrisy, 2, 14, 45, 46, 55, 71–72, 73, 196, 265, 271
ICJ, 117, 118, 125, 126, 272
policymakers, 10, 11
treaties, 106, 109
UNSC
aggression, crime of, 242
ICC control, 140, 141, 211
P5, 36, 124, 140, 206, 211, 242, 243, 247, 255
peacekeeping immunity, 174, 177, 178, 205, 206, 214, 217
rule of law meeting 2012, 233–234
US Senate
ICC hearing 1998, 138, 159, 169
ICC support, 134
treaty ratification, 31, 238
US Supreme Court, 101
foreign policy ideology, 273
rule of law, 148, 230, 241
VCLT
Art. 18, 164, 170, 171, 172, 237
Art. 34, 153, 185
WHR typology, 50, 57, 58, See foreign policy ideology
belief types, 60
development, 59–62
dimensionality, 67–68
diplomatic history and, 64–65
elites and masses, 61
ideal types, 59
Mead typology, similarity, 67
partisanship, 61
Wilson, Woodrow, 64, 66, 101, 223, 260

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  • Index
  • Malcolm Jorgensen, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
  • Book: American Foreign Policy Ideology and the International Rule of Law
  • Online publication: 12 December 2019
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108630658.011
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  • Index
  • Malcolm Jorgensen, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
  • Book: American Foreign Policy Ideology and the International Rule of Law
  • Online publication: 12 December 2019
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108630658.011
Available formats
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  • Index
  • Malcolm Jorgensen, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
  • Book: American Foreign Policy Ideology and the International Rule of Law
  • Online publication: 12 December 2019
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108630658.011
Available formats
×