Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-94d59 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-28T23:00:16.656Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Index

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 April 2018

Molly K. Land
Affiliation:
University of Connecticut School of Law
Jay D. Aronson
Affiliation:
Carnegie Mellon University, Pennsylvania

Summary

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2018
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This content is Open Access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/cclicenses/

Index

abortion rights, 77, 85
accountability
algorithms and, 191
Bitcoin and, 299
criminal framework, 113122
for human rights violations, 7, 913
introduction to, 3
legal accountability, 4445
acculturation process, 12
Adaptation Fund, 6263
adaptive capacity and resilience, 62, 66
affect-laden conception of humanity, 181
Afghanistan, 94
Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), 5455
agriculture, industrial, 69
Al Qaeda, 102, 110
algorithms
computer vision algorithms, 180
in data collection, 171172
social media, 202205
transparency/accountability problems with, 191
American Association for the Advancement of Science, 76, 174
American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), 280281
American Convention on Human Rights, 219, 225
Amnesty International
data visualization reports, 163, 177
education in digital literacy, 209
human rights technology, 291
interactive data websites, 185
Twitter communication issues, 201
user-generated video, 194
violations by Boko Haram and Nigerian forces, 141145, 172
anonymity, 157, 196, 216, 225, 293, 304
Anti-Privatization Forum (APF), 26
apartheid, 28
Arab Charter on Human Rights, 219
Arduino project, 302
Arendt, Hannah, 120, 122
armed conflict, 9396
ART cases. See assisted reproductive technologies
artificial intelligence (AI), 1, 161, 296299
Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Privacy Framework, 233
assisted reproductive technologies (ART)
assisted insemination, 72
introduction to, 7274
law/law-making in, 8690
margin of appreciation and, 8386
overview of, 7883
summary of, 9092
Austria, ban on IVF donors, 79, 84
autonomous weapons
capability, 93
criminal accountability, 115117
defined, 117
international humanitarian law, 113115
introduction to, 1, 14
legal implications of deploying, 93
overview, 98101, 123
principles of humanity and, 94
private contractors and, 122123
separation of powers framework, 101102
war and, 22
Bali Conference of the Parties (COP), 58
Ball, Patrick, 153, 170171
bar charts, 181
Bellingcat investigative team. See Russian intervention in Ukraine
Belmont Report, 3638, 4143
beneficence, 4142
beneficiaries of action, 6869
Benetech, 209
bias in big data reporting, 154
bias in data collection, 171
big data
analytics and, 151, 153, 157
applications for human rights, 159161
collection of, 151152
ethics considerations, 173
human rights violations, 157159
introduction to, 7, 125, 127, 149151
permissible limitations on privacy, 155156
privacy tradeoffs, 153157
use of, 151, 153
bioethics and human rights, 23, 7178, 8690
biosurveillance, 158
Bitcoin, 299
Blockchain, 299302
Boko Haram, 141142
The Book of Trees: Visualizing Branches of Knowledge (Lima), 164
Bretton Woods Institutions, 50, 54
Buk missile launcher, 139141
Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor (U.S. Department of State), 291
Bureau of Investigative Journalism, 98
bureaucratization of human rights, 13
call detail records, 155
Cambodia’s Family Trees, 179
Cameras Everywhere, 130
CameraV app, 172
Cannataci, Joseph, 223. See also UN Special Rapporteur on Privacy
carbon emissions, 46
Carnegie Mellon University, 180
Center for Human Rights Science, 298
Carter Center. See Syria Conflict Mapping Project
cell phone data tracking, 270
Center for Applied Legal Studies at the University of Witwatersrand (CALS), 31
Center for Economic and Social Rights (CESR), 176
Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), 201
Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, 219, 233
child soldiers, 142
China, 183, 262
chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) emissions, 56
cholera deaths, mapping of, 165
citizen videos, 9
civic engagement online, 244
civil responsibility in tort, 116
civil rights, 28, 266
civil society organizations, 223
Civilian Joint Task Force (JTF) (Nigeria), 142145
civilian witnesses, 193
classification of data, 152
clickbait content on social media, 204
climate change
beneficiaries of action, 6869
development approach, 6069
impact on human rights, 6569
introduction to, 1, 8, 21, 4648
modernization and development, 4855
summary of, 70
UNFCCC framework, 5560
climate change law, 56
Clinton, Bill, U.S. President, 102106
cluster munitions, 135
Code of Conduct for social media, 1617
code-sharing websites, 186
Cold War, 49
colonialism, 4950, 53, 56
Comitato Nazionale per la Bioetica (Italy’s National Bioethics Committee), 75
command responsibility, 118
Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR), 6667
common but differentiated responsibilities (CBDR)
ineffectiveness of, 57, 60
overview of, 6063
solving problems with, 6469
communication risks, 192194, 198200
communication technology. See also digital communications
advocacy communication risks, 198200
anonymity rights in communication, 225
bulk collection of communications data, 217
fact-finding and advocacy, 190192
fact-finding risks, 192194
introduction to, 5
privacy rights in, 221
surveillance communication rights, 219220
transparency and, 10
Communications Decency Act, 250, 260
community values, 23
computer vision algorithms, 180
constitutional precepts, 23
contact-chaining, 221
contextual integrity frame for privacy, 151
conventional weapons, 94
corporate social responsibility (CSR), 249, 254
corporate surveillance, 158159
cost-benefit calculations, 4748
Costa and Pavan v. Italy, 73, 8081, 8990
Council of Europe’s Committee on Bioethics, 75, 84
Council of Europe’s Data Protection Convention, 233
Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), 225, 234235, 239240
crisis reporting, 154
cryopreserved embryos, 8485
cultural rights, 71
currency exchange technology, 299302
cyberlaw, 2, 56
cystic fibrosis, 8081
Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in Fukushima, Japan, 302303
data analysis, 167
data-driven policing, 171172
data journalism, 186
data protection laws, 216, 233235
data sharing, 153, 176
data visualization
access and inclusion, 182183
brief history of, 163167
bulk collection, 217
challenges to, 171173
defined, 162
distortion techniques in, 175176
encoding techniques, 180181
interactive, 182
introduction to, 7, 125127, 162163
mapping of, 183184
meanings from technical decisions, 180182
mobilization and outreach, 184185
qualitative data, 177180
quantitative data, 173177, 182
summary of, 187
technical sustainability, 185186
datafication of human rights, 163, 167171
Deep Mind, 297
Deepwater Horizon oil spill, 303
deforestation, 6768
demand-management technology, 25, 2831, 35
Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), 178
Detroit Geographic Expedition, 183
Deutscher Ethikrat, 75
developing countries, 4951, 5560
development approach to climate change technology, 4855
Dickson v. United Kingdom, 73, 84
digital communications. See also communication technology
legality, necessity, and proportionality, 225230
privacy rights and human rights law, 224233
to publics, 200
surveillance rights, 219220, 230231
Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), 260
digital security, 196
digitization, 10, 19
dignity rights, 2627, 34, 8182
discovery, defined, 152
discretion of demandeur developing countries, 48
discrimination in targeting of minority groups, 11
disease surveillance, 158
DIY Geiger counters, 302303
DNA technology in forensics, 295
Doctors’ Trial at Nuremberg, 75
documentation technologies, 9
donor gamete ban, 79, 84
Draft Code of Conduct of International Transfer of Technology, 5354
drone technology
autonomous functioning of, 99
international humanitarian law, 113115
introduction to, 1112, 123
against ISIS, 110111
in Kosovo, 103104
in Libya, 107108
overview of, 9698
principles of humanity and, 9495
separation of powers framework, 101102
Dropbox, 294
drought events, 59, 68
Drupal, 294
dual use technologies, 38
due process, 117
e-governance, 301
E-ZPass, 271
Ebola crisis, 154
econometrics, 167
economic rights, 33, 252
economies in transition, 51
emerging economies, 51
encoding techniques, 180181
encryption technology, 279, 287, 289
energy management software, 69
Engine Room, 209
environmental law, 56
epidemiology data and human rights, 167
equality principle, 3
Ethereum, 301
ethical developments of human fertilization, 89
ethical safeguards, 43
ethics and law of war, 2122
EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, 225, 234
EU General Data Protection Regulation, 160, 233, 239242, 259
EU Regulation on Privacy and Electronic Communications, 233
EU-US Umbrella Agreement, 239
European Commission, 16, 75
European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (European Convention), 72, 219, 224
European Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine, 71
European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR)
artificial intelligence, 298
assisted reproductive technologies cases, 7883, 90, 92
case law of, 256257
communication privacy, 221, 226227
digital communication privacy, 224, 235
extraterritorial right to privacy, 236237, 242
margin of appreciation, 8386
online domain rights, 253
overview of, 7273
surveillance rights, 220, 232
European Union, 268
Evans v. United Kingdom, 73, 79, 82, 84
Event Labeling through Analytic Media Processing (E-LAMP) project, 180, 298299
executive branch (president), U.S. government
allocation of power, 95
ISIS, 110112
Kosovo military action, 102106
Libya, 106110
separation of powers framework, 101102
expert systems (ES), 297
extrajudicial killings, 143
Extraordinary African Chamber, 148
extraterritorial right to privacy, 236242
extreme weather risks, 59
Facebook
advertising and privacy rights, 265266
Code of Conduct with, 1617
communication issues, 201
data collection, 152
First Amendment protection on, 250
freedom of expression rights, 243, 261, 264
gatekeepers of, 251
human rights impact of, 245246
rebel forces against ISIS, 137
restricting access, 275
Russian intervention in Ukraine, 138
unlawful content processes, 269
user-generated content on conflicts, 134
fact-finding and advocacy. See also human rights advocacy
communication and mediation, 190192
communication risks, 192194, 198200
discursive approach, 211212
educational approach, 208209
inequality in, 205208
introduction to, 12, 188190
misinterpretation risk with, 194, 196198
reflexive approach, 210211
risk assemblages, pluralism and inequality, 205208
silencing risk double-bind, 208213
summary of, 212214
surveillance risk, 194196
technical approach, 209210
fairness claims, 52, 5560
falsified media, 133
First Amendment (U.S.) protection of speech, 250, 268
flooding events, 59
forced marriages, 142
Ford Foundation, 290
Forensic Architecture, 179
Fourth Amendment (U.S.) protection, 276277, 285
Free Syrian Army (FSA), 137
freedom of expression, 19, 261266, 268
Freedom of Information, 176
Front Line Defenders and Tactical Technology Collective, 209
G77 membership, 51
G Suite (Google), 294
gamete donation for IVF, 85
gatekeepers, 14, 251
General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT), 54
geolocation, 138139
GitHub, 186
Global Network Initiative (GNI)
Accountability, Policy and Learning Framework, 262
freedom of expression rights, 261264
Implementation Guidelines for Freedom of Expression, 264
international human rights standards, 246
internet companies and, 258
overview of, 249, 261
soft law frameworks, 267
Global Positioning System (GPS), 177, 271
Global Witness, 179
Google
de-indexing search results, 240
European Data Protection Directive, 259
file management, 294
First Amendment (U.S.) protection on, 250
freedom of expression rights, 261262, 264265
G Suite, 294
human rights impact of, 246
Jigsaw project, 292
online domain rights, 243
restricting access, 275
unlawful content processes, 269
Google apps, 294
Google Earth, 132, 141
Google Maps, 185
Google Street View, 132
graph theory, 179
graphs/graphics data. See also data visualization
graph theory, 179
importance of, 173174
mapping tools, 174
for medical treatment, 165166
network graphics, 178179
racist violence graphs, 166167
grassroots activists, video use by, 172
Green Climate Fund, 61
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, 56, 60, 67
Group Areas Act (South Africa), 28
Guardian Project, 293
guided munitions, 100
hacking technology, 278279, 287
Harvard Humanitarian Initiative’s Signal Code, 160
hate speech, 1617
Higgins, Eliot, 134135
High Court of South Africa, 3133
Hindu nationalists in India, 181
Hippocratic principle, 41
HIV/AIDS, 32, 35, 185
homemade barrel bombs, 135
Human Development Index (HDI), 51
human rights. See also online domain and human rights
beneficence, 4142
big data applications for, 159161
bioethics and, 7178, 8690
climate change impact on, 6569
datafication of, 163, 167171
dignity rights, 2627, 34, 8182
financial compensation, 39
freedom of expression, 261266
informed consent, 3841
international treaties, 4, 23
justice and, 4243
as moral claims, 4, 13
practices, 45
rights restricting/enhancing technology, 38
safeguards, 36
scrutiny requirements, 3638
human rights advocacy. See also fact-finding and advocacy; user-generated video
communication channels, 207
communication risks, 198200
democratizing effects for, 126127
introduction to, 12, 125126, 128
miscalculations and resources, 202205
mistakes and reputational integrity, 200202
Human Rights Center at the University of California, Berkeley, 290
Human Rights Data Analysis Group (HRDAG), 170171
human rights law. See also international humanitarian law
assisted reproductive technologies, 90
bioethics and, 72, 7478
introduction to, 24, 6
new technologies and, 23
private actors and online privacy, 253261
role of, 1720
as state-centric in nature, 267
violations of, 11
human rights protection, 1, 1920, 215216, 218221. See also privacy rights
human rights technology. See also technology rights; user-generated video
artificial intelligence, 1, 161, 296299
Blockchain technology, 299302
defined, 2, 293295
future of, 290293
introduction to, 12, 289290
open hardware, sensors, and the Internet of things, 302306
summary of, 306308
technological trends in, 295296
violations with, 44
human rights violations
accountability for, 7, 913
big data collection and, 157159
effective remedy for violation of, 232233
introduction to, 21
Nigerian military war crimes, 142145
with technology, 44
Human Rights Watch (HRW), 163, 177178, 280281, 291
Humanitarian Blockchain, 301
Humanity United, 290
hydrological cycle, 61
immigrant detainees, mapping data, 174
in vitro fertilization (IVF)
Austrian ban on donor gametes, 79, 84
gamete donation for, 85
introduction to, 72, 78
legislation governing, 8687
inalienability principle, 3
inclusion principle, 3
indexing of data, 152
industrial agriculture, 69
industrialization, 52
information and communication technologies (ICTs). See also user-generated video
advocacy communication risks, 198200
communication issues with, 190192, 201
fact-finding and, 188
gatekeepers, 14
human rights technology, 294
introduction to, 8
non-state actors, 16
summary of, 212
surveillance risk, 194196
threat to privacy, 150
transnational nature of online platforms, 268
transparency and, 10
informed consent rights, 3841
integrated development environment (IDE), 302
intellectual property rights, 8
Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, 225
Inter-American Court of Human Rights, 225
interactive data visualization, 182
interactive data websites, 185
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 6667
International Bill of Human Rights, 256
International Committee for the Red Cross (ICRC), 98
International Court of Justice (ICJ), 224, 236
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), 65, 218, 236, 272274, 282285
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), 26, 65, 174, 286287
International Criminal Court (ICC), 143, 296
International Energy Agency, 61
international humanitarian law (IHL)
criminal accountability framework, 113115
enforcement strategies from, 4
introduction to, 1, 35
new technologies and, 22, 245
overview of, 94
violations, 4
International Military Tribunal (IMT), 118119
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 54
international treaties, 4, 23
Internet
browsing activity tracking, 270
introduction to, 1, 11, 19
online hate speech, 1617
surveillance concerns, 15
Internet of things (IoT), 306
Internet service providers (ISPs), 249, 276
Investigatory Powers Act, 241
Iraq, 94, 98
Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS), 98, 102, 110112, 137
Israeli cyberwarfare company, 196
Israel’s Harpies, 93, 122
Italy, ban on pre-implantation genetic diagnosis, 8081
Jigsaw project (Google), 292
Johannesburg Water, 26, 28, 3033, 37, 3940
justice and technology, 69
justice claims in developing countries, 5560
Knecht v. Romania, 73, 84, 89
knowledge-based systems (KBS), 297
knowledge creation, 5
Korean War, 112
Kosovo military action, 102106
Kuziminsky camp, 139
Kyoto Protocol (1997), 47, 58, 62
La Rue, Frank, 248. See also UN Special Rapporteur on the Promotion and Protection of the Right to Freedom of Opinion and Expression
laws of Caliphate, 142
least-developed countries (LDCs), 50, 55
legal implications of human fertilisation, 89
lethal force, 12
Libya, 106110
Libya, no-fly zone, 107
line charts, 181
LinkedIn, 250
Live Leak, 134
MacArthur Foundation, 290
Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 (MH17), 138
mapping data visualization, 183184
mapping tools, 174
marginalized communities, 48, 170, 183
Martus project, 293
massacres and video evidence, 132
McNaboe, Chris, 135
medically-assisted procreation, 90
Meier, Patrick, 154
metadata, 172, 197198, 277
micro-grid applications, 69
Microsoft, 241
middle income countries, 51
misappropriation of personal data, 235
mobile phone technology, 7, 910, 154156
mobilization, 184185
modalities of regulation, 6
modernization, 4855
monsoon events, 59
moral claims, as human rights, 4, 13
multilateral environmental treaties (MEAs), 48, 53
multinational corporations (MNCs), 235
National Adaptation Plans (NAPs), 62
national security protection, 226
nationally determined contributions (NDCs), 5859
natural disaster responses, 154
Nazi Germany, 220
network graphics, 178179
New International Economic Order, 48, 63
New Tactics in Human Rights, 209
new technologies. See also big data; communication technology; drone technology; human rights technology; information and communication technologies; technology rights
accountability challenges, 913
advocacy and, 200, 205
cyberlaw and, 56
doctor/patient relationship, 77
fact-finding and, 194, 205
human rights and, 36, 125128, 159
human rights law and, 18
impact of, 102, 164, 216
introduction to, 12, 89, 15, 289, 301
normative approaches, 2124
private authority and, 13
resistance to, 278
of warfare, 104, 112, 209
New York University’s Center for Human Rights and Global Justice, 163
Nigerian military, 142145
Nightingale, Florence, 165166
non-discrimination principle, 3
non-governmental organizations (NGOs), 130, 168, 188, 193, 199, 206
non-state actors, 1416, 20, 215
nonpublic forums, 249250
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 103
Northrop Grumman contractors, 100
Nuffield Council on Bioethics (U.K.), 75
Nuremberg trials of Nazi war criminals, 114, 117, 119121
Nuremburg Code, 36
Oak Foundation, 290
Obama, Barack, U.S. President, 107109, 111112, 287288
Office of the Prosecutor at the International Criminal Court, 143
online domain and human rights
challenges to, 266269
gatekeepers, 251
human rights within, 261266
introduction to, 243247
private actors and human rights law, 253261
role of internet companies in, 247253
types of forums, 249250
user expressions, 251253
Ontario’s Human Rights Commission, 157
open data sharing, 176
open hardware, 302306
Open Net Initiative, 253
Open Society Foundations, 290
open source intelligence, 146, 296
Open Technology Fund, 291
OpenEvSys project, 293
OpenStreetMap, 184
Orange Order in Northern Ireland, 181
Orange Revolution in Ukraine, 181
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), 49, 5657, 139, 254
overseas development assistance (ODA), 63
Panama Papers, 179
parent, in reproduction technologies, 1920
parent-child relations, 89
Paris Agreement (2015), 5859
Parrillo v. Italy, 73, 8285
participation principle, 3
pie charts, 181
pluralism in fact-finding advocacy, 205208
poverty and water, 27
power and technology, 69
pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), 72, 8081
Predator drones, 95
prepaid water meter technology
Belmont Report, 3738
overview of, 25
South Africa, 2829, 31
United Kingdom, 32
PRISM Program, 221222
privacy rights. See also big data and privacy rights
bulk collection privacy, 227230
data protection laws, 216, 233235
digital communication, 224233
effective remedy for violation of, 232233
extraterritorial right to privacy, 236242
Facebook users against advertisers, 265266
introduction to, 19, 22, 217218
legality, necessity, and proportionality, 225230
permissible limitations on privacy, 155156
protection of, 218221
Snowden, Edward, impact on, 150, 217, 221224
summary of, 242
unlawful interference with, 272273
Privacy Shield agreement, 240
private actors and human rights law, 253261
private contractors
autonomous weaponry and, 100101, 122123
criminal accountability, 117122
drones, 9798
international humanitarian law, 113115
against ISIS, 111
overview of, 28
separation of powers framework, 101102
summary of, 123
use in Kosovo, 104
use in Libya, 108
privatization of war, 22, 95
procreative tourism, 88
proof of existence attribute, 300
Provenance company, 301
public ethics, 75
Public Laboratory for Open Technology, 303
Putin, Vladimir, 138
qualitative data visualization, 177180
quantitative analysis, 7
quantitative data visualization, 173177, 182
Qubes OS, 305
Radio Free Asia, 291
Raspberry Pi technology, 304
Reaper drones, 95
reproduction technologies, 1, 5, 14, 19, 91
Responsible Data Forum (2016), 173
retention of data, 152
right to dignity, 2627, 34
right to enjoy the benefits of scientific progress (REBSP), 2627, 3436
right to food, 6568
right to free expression, 19
right to health, 6567
right to life, 6566
right to privacy. See privacy rights
right to water, 6567
rights-based approach, 64
human rights-based approach, 24, 6, 18, 24, 64, 73, 78, 8081, 90
rights restricting/enhancing technology, 38
Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, 53
Royal Statistical Society, 165
RQ-4 Global Hawk (Northrup Grumman), 97
Ruggie, John, 254255, 257258
rule of law principle, 3
Russian intervention in Ukraine, 138141
S. and Marper v. United Kingdom, 78, 234235
safe motherhood and abortion, 77
satellite imagery, 9, 132, 138, 178, 296
science and technology studies (STS), 23, 57
scraping, defined, 152
sea-level rises, 61
search, defined, 152
second-hand witnessing, 133
secondary trauma, 146147
Security in-a-Box, 209
security training for digital technology, 281
semi-autonomous offensive systems, 99100
separation of powers, 101102
sexual violence, 142
S.H. and Others v. Austria, 73, 79, 84
shame/shaming, 4, 1112
Silverman, Craig, 129
SITU Research, 296
Skype, 278, 294
smartphones, 168, 193
Smith v. Maryland, 276277
Snowden, Edward, 150, 217, 221224
social developments of human fertilization, 89
social justice mapping, 183184
social media
advocacy messages via, 198200
clickbait content on, 204
Code of Conduct, 1617
content culture, 204
human rights violations and, 10
introduction to, 1
miscalculations and resources, 202205
privacy concerns, 284
proofing of, 200202
quantification methods, 199
rebel forces against ISIS, 137
user-generated video, 134
sociotechnical processes in technology, 151
soft law frameworks, 267
South Africa
apartheid, 28
free water allowance, 2930
litigation, 21
prepaid meter technology, 2829, 31
South African Constitution, 26
South African Constitutional Court, 26, 43
special and differential (S&D) treatment, 5152, 5560
spyware, 195
SSL/TLS security, 302
Stasi secret police in East Germany, 220
state obligation in human rights protection
individual data protection, 286288
introduction to, 215
setting privacy limits, 263
Statistical Breviary (Playfair), 164
Statistical Society of London, 165
storing data, 152
surrogacy concerns, 8182
surveillance
communication surveillance rights, 219220, 230231
extraterritorial right to privacy, 236239
government surveillance, 160
risks of, 194196
Snowden, Edward, impact on, 150, 217, 221224
surveillant anxiety, 157158
Syria Conflict Mapping Project (Carter Center)
introduction to, 134137
network dynamics, 136137
overview of, 134
weapons tracking, 135136
Taliban, 102
technological solutionism, 13
technology. See also communication technology; human rights technology
challenges for non-state actors, 20
conclusions about, 282288
demand-management technology, 25, 2831, 35
encryption technology, 279, 287, 289
enforcement of, 125128
hacking technology, 278279, 287
ICCPR waiver, 283285
individual choice and, 271277
introduction to, 270271
new technologies, 2124
non-state actors and, 1416, 20, 215
power and justice, 69
third-party doctrine, 276277, 285
voluntariness of insecure use of, 277282
technology-enabled surrogacy, 81
technology entrepreneurs, 18
technology of distance, 168
Telecommunications Industry Dialogue, 262
Telegram network, 134, 294
telephony metadata, 234
terrorism, 9394
third-party doctrine, 276277, 285
traditional public forums, 249250
transnational nature of online platforms, 268
transnational solidarity, 293
transparency concerns, 10, 191, 299
truth-claims, manipulation of, 197, 206
Twitter
communication issues with, 191, 201
content removal by, 259
freedom of expression rights, 261
human rights impact of, 245246
introduction to, 1617
overview of, 134
rebel forces against ISIS, 137
Russian intervention in Ukraine, 138
U.K. Investigatory Powers Act, 224
UN Committee on Development Policy List, 52
UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 50, 53
UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), 75
UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), 4748, 51, 5560
UN General Assembly, 5051
UN Global Compact, 254
UN Global Pulse, 160
UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, 1416, 247, 255258, 264, 267
UN Human Rights Committee, 220221, 225, 236, 271, 273
UN Human Rights Council (UNHRC), 150151, 223, 248, 255, 271
UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), 157, 223, 225, 238239
UN Security Council, 107
UN Special Rapporteur on Privacy, 159. See also Cannataci, Joseph
UN Special Rapporteur on the Promotion and Protection of the Right to Freedom of Opinion and Expression, 243, 248. See also La Rue, Frank (former)
UN World Summit on the Information Society, 247248
Unionism in Northern Ireland, 181
United Arab Emirates, 195
United Nations (UN), 14, 26, 34, 114
United Nations Declaration for a New International Economic Order (NIEO), 49, 5253
United States v. Miller, 275277
Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights, 36, 39, 44, 71
Universal Declaration on Human Rights (UDHR), 26, 65, 218219
universality principle, 3
unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), 96, 103, 294296. See also drone technology
U.S. Central Command, 110
U.S. Congress, 95, 101112
U.S. Department of Justice Office of Legal Counsel (OLC), 105106, 109
U.S. Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, 230
U.S. House of Representatives, 104, 108109
U.S. National Security Agency (NSA), 172, 195, 281
U.S. Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues, 75
U.S Constitution, 101102
use of force, 20
user-generated video
Boko Haram, 141142
case studies, 133
challenges in law/advocacy, 132133
discussion, 145148
graphic nature of images, 203
introduction to, 125126, 129
Nigerian military war crimes, 142145
role in human rights investigations, 130132, 194
Russian intervention in Ukraine, 138141
Syria case study, 134137
video evidence of crimes, 131
weapons tracking, 135136
user welfare and technology, 38
Verification Handbook for Investigative Reporting (Silverman, Tsubaki), 129
video evidence. See user-generated video
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 282
Vienna Declaration and Platform of Action
indivisibility principle, 34
inter-dependence principle, 34
inter-relatedness principle, 34
Vietnam War, 102103
vision-based video analysis system, 298299
voluntariness of insecure technology use, 277282
vulnerable populations, 6
War on Terror, 274
War Powers Resolution, 96, 105
Washington Consensus, 28
water
beneficence, 4142
demand management devices, 2831, 35
free water allowance, 2930
Free Water Policy, 33
informed consent and, 3841
introduction to, 2528
justice and, 4243
Mazibuko Litigation, 3133
right to science, 3436
scrutiny requirements with, 3638
technologies, 14
tokens for, 29
weapons tracking, 135136
WhatsApp, 197, 209, 294, 305
whistleblowers, 231
WikiLeaks, 179
Wikipedia, 251
willful blindness, 120121
Wiring project, 302
WITNESS (NGO), 130
Wordpress, 294
World Bank, 54
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), 5354
World Medical Association, 36
World Trade Organization (WTO), 50, 52, 54
YouTube
communication issues with, 191
freedom of expression rights, 264
introduction to, 1617
metadata doctoring, 197198
number of monthly visitors, 243
overview of, 134
Russian intervention in Ukraine, 138
Yugoslavian weapons stockpiling, 135
Zuckerberg, Mark, 261

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • Index
  • Edited by Molly K. Land, Jay D. Aronson, Carnegie Mellon University, Pennsylvania
  • Book: New Technologies for Human Rights Law and Practice
  • Online publication: 19 April 2018
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316838952.014
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • Index
  • Edited by Molly K. Land, Jay D. Aronson, Carnegie Mellon University, Pennsylvania
  • Book: New Technologies for Human Rights Law and Practice
  • Online publication: 19 April 2018
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316838952.014
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Index
  • Edited by Molly K. Land, Jay D. Aronson, Carnegie Mellon University, Pennsylvania
  • Book: New Technologies for Human Rights Law and Practice
  • Online publication: 19 April 2018
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316838952.014
Available formats
×