Hostname: page-component-6766d58669-l4t7p Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2026-05-15T17:55:07.071Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Brief cognitive–behavioural therapy for patients in thecommunity with schizophrenia: Randomised controlled trial in Beijing, China- RETRACTION

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Zhi-Hua Guo ,
Zhan-Jiang Li ,
Yun Ma ,
Jing Sun ,
Jun-Hua Guo ,
Wen-Xiu Li ,
Zhi-Qiang Wang ,
Hui-Li Xu ,
Roger M. K. Ng  and
Douglas Turkington
...Show all authors
Zhi-Hua Guo
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Psychology & Beijing Key Lab of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, and Centre of Schizophrenia, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China
Zhan-Jiang Li
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Psychology & Beijing Key Lab of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, and Centre of Schizophrenia, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China
Yun Ma
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Psychology & Beijing Key Lab of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, and Centre of Schizophrenia, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, People's Republic of China
Jing Sun
Affiliation:
Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Medicine, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
Jun-Hua Guo
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
Wen-Xiu Li
Affiliation:
Mental Health Prevention Hospital of Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
Zhi-Qiang Wang
Affiliation:
Dongcheng District Stadium Road Community Health Care Centre, Beijing, People's Republic of China
Hui-Li Xu
Affiliation:
Chaoyang District Centre for Mental Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
Roger M. K. Ng
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Kowloon Hospital, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
Douglas Turkington
Affiliation:
Newcastle University, Newcastle-on-Tyne, UK
David Kingdon
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the 'Save PDF' action button.
Background

Brief cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) is an emerging treatment for schizophrenia in community settings; however, further trials are needed, especially in non-Western countries.

Aims

To test the effects of brief CBT for Chinese patients with schizophrenia in the community (trial registration: ChiCTR-TRC-13003709).

Method

A total of 220 patients with schizophrenia from four districts of Beijing were randomly assigned to either brief CBT plus treatment as usual (TAU) or TAU alone. Patients were assessed at baseline, post-treatment and at 6- and 12-month follow-ups by raters masked to group allocation.

Results

At the post-treatment assessment and the 12-month follow-up, patients who received brief CBT showed greater improvement in overall symptoms, general psychopathology, insight and social functioning. In total, 37.3% of those in the brief CBT plus TAU group experienced a clinically significant response, compared with only 19.1% of those in the TAU alone group (P = 0.003).

Conclusions

Brief CBT has a positive effect on Chinese patients with schizophrenia in the community.

Information

Type
Papers
Information
The British Journal of Psychiatry , Volume 210 , Issue 3 , March 2017 , pp. 223 - 229
Copyright
Copyright © Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2017 

Footnotes

Declaration of interest

None.

References

1 Henry, LP, Amminger, GP, Harris, MG, Yuen, HP, Harrigan, SM, Prosser, AL, et al. The EPPIC follow-up study of first-episode psychosis: longer-term clinical and functional outcome 7 years after index admission. J Clin Psychiatry 2010; 71: 716–28.Google Scholar
2 Chen, CH, Shen, YC, Zhang, WX, Li, SR, Huang, YQ, Wang, JR, et al. Epidemiological survey on schizophrenia in 7 areas of China [in Chinese]. Chin J Psychiatry 1998; 31: 72–4.Google Scholar
3 Ferrari, AJ, Saha, S, McGrath, JJ, Norman, R, Baxter, AJ, Vos, T, et al. Health states for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder within the Global Burden of Disease 2010 Study. Popul Health Metr 2012; 10: 1.Google Scholar
4 Olivares, JM, Sermon, J, Hemels, M, Schreiner, A. Definitions and drivers of relapse in patients with schizophrenia: a systematic literature review. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2013; 12: 32.Google Scholar
5 Ascher-Svanum, H, Faries, DE, Zhu, B, Ernst, FR, Swartz, MS, Swanson, JW. Medication adherence and long-term functional outcomes in the treatment of schizophrenia in usual care. J Clin Psychiatry 2006; 67: 453–60.Google Scholar
6 Wykes, T, Steel, C, Everitt, B, Tarrier, N. Cognitive behavior therapy for schizophrenia: effect sizes, clinical models, and methodological rigor. Schizophr Bull 2008; 34: 523–37.Google Scholar
7 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Core Interventions in the Treatment and Management of Schizophrenia in Adults in Primary and Secondary Care. National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health, 2009.Google Scholar
8 Kreyenbuhl, J, Buchanan, RW, Dickerson, FB, Dixon, LB. The schizophrenia patient outcomes research team (PORT): updated treatment recommendations 2009. Schizophr Bull 2010; 36: 94–103.Google Scholar
9 Li, ZJ, Guo, ZH, Wang, N, Xu, ZY, Qu, Y, Wang, XQ, et al. Cognitive-behavioural therapy for patients with schizophrenia: a multicentre randomized controlled trial in Beijing, China. Psychol Med 2015; 45: 1893–905.Google Scholar
10 Xiang, Y-T, Weng, Y-Z, Li, W-Y, Gao, L, Chen, G-L, Xie, L, et al. Efficacy of the Community Re-Entry Module for patients with schizophrenia in Beijing, China: outcome at 2-year follow-up. Br J Psychiatry 2007; 190: 49–56.10.1192/bjp.bp.106.023697Google Scholar
11 Turkington, D, Kingdon, D, Turner, T. Effectiveness of a brief cognitive–behavioural therapy intervention in the treatment of schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 2002; 180: 523–7.Google Scholar
12 Turkington, D, Kingdon, D, Rathod, S, Hammond, K, Pelton, J, Mehta, R. Outcomes of an effectiveness trial of cognitive–behavioural intervention by mental health nurses in schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 2006; 189: 36–40.Google Scholar
13 Waller, H, Garety, PA, Jolley, S, Fornells-Ambrojo, M, Kuipers, E, Onwumere, J, et al. Low intensity cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis: a pilot study. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2013; 44: 98–104.Google Scholar
14 World Health Organization. The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines. WHO, 1992.Google Scholar
15 Kay, SR, Fiszbein, A, Opler, LA. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bul 1987; 13: 261–76.Google Scholar
16 Guo, ZH, Li, ZJ, Ma, Y, Zhou, YL, Chao, WM, Guo, JH, et al. A pilot study on the effect of brief cognitive behavioural therapy combined with routine treatment for schizophrenia in communities of Beijing [in Chinese]. Chin J Psychiatry 2015; 48: 331–8.Google Scholar
17 Chen, M, Wu, G, Wang, Z, Yan, J, Zhou, J, Ding, Y, et al. Two-year prospective case-controlled study of a case management program for community-dwelling individuals with schizophrenia. Shanghai Arch Psychiatry 2014; 26: 119–28.Google Scholar
18 David, AS. Insight and psychosis. Br J Psychiatry 1990; 156: 798–808.Google Scholar
19 Si, TM, Yang, JZ, Shu, L, Wang, XL, Kong, QM, Zhou, M, et al. The reliability, validity of PANSS and its implications [in Chinese]. Chin Ment Health 2004; 18: 45–7.Google Scholar
20 Xu, ZY, Guo, ZH, Fu, ZY, Wang, N, Zhang, Y. Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the schedule for assessment of insight [in Chinese]. Chin J Behav Med Brain Sci 2013; 22: 752–4.Google Scholar
21 Morosini, P, Magliano, L, Brambilla, L, Ugolini, S, Pioli, R. Development, reliability and acceptability of a new version of the DSM-IV Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS) to assess routine social functioning. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2000; 101: 323–9.Google Scholar
22 Tianmei, S, Liang, S, Yun'ai, S, Chenghua, T, Jun, Y, Jia, C, et al. The Chinese version of the Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP): validity and reliability. Psychiatry Res 2011; 185: 275–9.Google Scholar
23 Beck, AT, Steer, RA, Ball, R, Ranieri, W. Comparison of Beck Depression Inventories-IA and -II in psychiatric outpatients. J Pers Assess 1996; 67: 588–97.Google Scholar
24 Wang, Z, Yuan, CM, Huang, J, Li, ZZ, Chen, Y, Zhang, HY, et al. Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Beck Depression Inventory-II among depression patients [in Chinese]. Chin Ment Health 2011; 25: 476–80.Google Scholar
25 Cohen, J. A power primer. Psychol Bull 1992; 112: 155–9.Google Scholar
26 Pinson, L, Gray, GE. Psychopharmacology: number needed to treat: an underused measure of treatment effect. Psychiatr Serv 2003; 54: 145–6.Google Scholar
27 Lehman, AF, Lieberman, JA, Dixon, LB, McGlashan, TH, Miller, AL, Perkins, DO, et al. Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia, second edition. Am J Psychiatry 2004; 161 (suppl 2): 1–56.Google Scholar
28 Morrison, AP, Turkington, D, Pyle, M, Spencer, H, Brabban, A, Dunn, G, et al. Cognitive therapy for people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders not taking antipsychotic drugs: a single-blind randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2014; 383: 1395–403.Google Scholar
29 Tarrier, N, Yusupoff, L, Kinney, C, McCarthy, E, Gledhill, A, Haddock, G, et al. Randomised controlled trial of intensive cognitive behaviour therapy for patients with chronic schizophrenia. BMJ 1998; 317: 303–7.Google Scholar
30 Zimmermann, G, Favrod, J, Trieu, V, Pomini, V. The effect of cognitive behavioral treatment on the positive symptoms of schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a meta-analysis. Schizophr Res 2005; 77: 1–9.Google Scholar
31 Freeman, D, Dunn, G, Startup, H, Pugh, K, Cordwell, J, Mander, H, et al. Effects of cognitive behaviour therapy for worry on persecutory delusions in patients with psychosis (WIT): a parallel, single-blind, randomised controlled trial with a mediation analysis. Lancet Psychiatry 2015; 2: 305–13.Google Scholar
32 Hansen, L, Turkington, D, Kingdon, D, Smith, P. Brief rating instrument for assessment of negative symptoms: derived from the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS). Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2003; 7: 113–6.Google Scholar
33 Rathod, S, Kingdon, D, Smith, P, Turkington, D. Insight into schizophrenia: the effects of cognitive behavioural therapy on the components of insight and association with sociodemographics—data on a previously published randomised controlled trial. Schizophr Res 2005; 74: 211–9.Google Scholar
34 Gerlinger, G, Hauser, M, De Hert, M, Lacluyse, K, Wampers, M, Correll, CU. Personal stigma in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a systematic review of prevalence rates, correlates, impact and interventions. World Psychiatry 2013; 12: 155–64.Google Scholar
35 Bedford, NJ, David, AS. Denial of illness in schizophrenia as a disturbance of self-reflection, self-perception and insight. Schizophr Res 2014; 152: 89–96.Google Scholar
36 Iqbal, Z, Birchwood, M, Chadwick, P, Trower, P. Cognitive approach to depression and suicidal thinking in psychosis 2. Testing the validity of a social ranking model. Br J Psychiatry 2000; 177: 522–8.Google Scholar
37 Granholm, E, McQuaid, JR, McClure, FS, Link, PC, Perivoliotis, D, Gottlieb, JD, et al. Randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral social skills training for older people with schizophrenia: 12-month follow-up. J Clin Psychiatry 2007; 68: 730–7.Google Scholar
38 Grant, PM, Huh, GA, Perivoliotis, D, Stolar, NM, Beck, AT. Randomized trial to evaluate the efficacy of cognitive therapy for low-functioning patients with schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2012; 69: 121–7.Google Scholar
39 Lecomte, T. Psychosis patients refusing antipsychotic medicine could benefit from CBT in terms of both symptom reduction and social functioning. Evid Based Ment Health 2015; 18: 18.Google Scholar
40 Tarrier, N, Lewis, S, Haddock, G, Bentall, R, Drake, R, Kinderman, P, et al. Cognitive–behavioural therapy in first-episode and early schizophrenia: 18-month follow-up of a randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry 2004; 184: 231–9.Google Scholar
41 Blackburn, IM, James, IA, Milne, DL, Baker, C, Standart, S, Garland, A, et al. The revised cognitive therapy scale (CTS-R): psychometric properties. Behav Cogn Psychother 2001; 29: 431–46.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: PDF

Guo et al. supplementary material

Supplementary Material

Download Guo et al. supplementary material(PDF)
PDF 414.1 KB

This journal is not currently accepting new eletters.

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.