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Clay mineral precipitation and low silica in glacier meltwaters explored through reaction-path modelling

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2017

Jeff W. Crompton ,
Gwenn E. Flowers ,
Dirk Kirste ,
Birgit Hagedorn  and
Martin J. Sharp
Jeff W. Crompton*
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
Gwenn E. Flowers
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
Dirk Kirste
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
Birgit Hagedorn
Affiliation:
Environmental and Natural Resources Institute, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA
Martin J. Sharp
Affiliation:
Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
*
Correspondence: Jeff W. Crompton <jcrompto@sfu.ca>
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Abstract

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The subglacial chemical weathering environment is largely controlled by low temperatures and the presence of freshly comminuted minerals with a high surface area. These characteristics are believed to promote dissolution processes that give rise to low silica and high Ca2+ fluxes emanating from glacierized basins. We test an alternative hypothesis, that mineral precipitation reactions in the subglacial environment play an equally important role in controlling the water chemistry in glacierized basins. We analyze borehole and proglacial water chemistry from a subarctic polythermal glacier, complemented by mineral XRD analysis of suspended sediment, till and bedrock samples. In conjunction with a thermodynamic analysis of the water and mineral chemistry, we use reaction-path modelling to study the chemical enrichment of water through the glacier system. We find that the high pH of the subglacial environment is conducive to secondary mineral precipitation, and that it is not possible to balance the water chemistry using dissolution reactions alone. We show that low silica can be explained by standard weathering reactions without having to invoke mineral-leaching reactions. Our results suggest that subglacial weathering intensity may be significantly underestimated if the production of secondary minerals is not considered.

Keywords

glacier hydrologymeltwater chemistrysubglacial precipitates and ice regelationsubglacial processessubglacial sediments

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Glaciology , Volume 61 , Issue 230 , 2015 , pp. 1061 - 1078
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
Copyright © International Glaciological Society 2015 This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution license. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright
Copyright © International Glaciological Society 2015

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