Learning Objectives: There are various techniques of cholesteatoma surgery but all of them carry the risk of residual or recurrent cholesteatoma development. Thus all the patients after cholesteatoma surgery require thorough follow-up and some patients a second look surgery. While open cavity surgery enables otoscopic recognition of cholesteatoma, the use of closed technique, obliteration of mastoid cavity or subtotal petrosectomy reduces the role of clinical examination in follow-up. Imaging modalities including HRCT and non-EP DWI MR is discussed in patients subjected to open or closed techniques, obliteration of the mastoid cavity or subtotal petrosectomy for removal of congenital and acquired cholesteatoma.