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De L'universalisme constituant aux intérêts locaux : le Ddébat Sur la formation des départements en France (1789-1790)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 July 2017

Extract

Réclamée à plusieurs reprises au cours du XVIIIe siècle, placée au rang des tâches prioritaires durant l'été 1789 et effectuée en quelques mois au cours de l'hiver suivant, la réorganisation du territoire français et son partage en départements réunissent dans un même débat des projets d'aménagement concret et des idéaux politiques, sociaux ou économiques. La réflexion rencontre alors le problème majeur du rapport entre la société et son espace, et le postulat selon lequel l'agencement de celui-ci détermine le fonctionnement de celle-là.

Summary

Summary

The cutting up of France into “departments”, begun in Fall 1789, led to social and political unity and equality. Controversy arose in the National Assembly when the project was proposed, setting deputies hostile to dismembering the provinces off against constitution committee members promoting uniformization. The weight of the dominant ideology (and, most importantly, of the unitary doctrine) impeded those favoring “particularist” policies from expressing themselves freely. Arguments favoring the provinces’ autonomy were based on geographic and philosophical considerations which dissimulated true political stakes. Parliamentary unanimity formed around a determinism which viewed the rational organization of space as the key to an ideal society, but there was no cognizance of the territory's real organization or of its actors. On a local level, however, the notables’ clamoring manifested the French 's serious dissatisfaction with the disruption of the spatial orientation of their political, social and economic relationships and of urban infrastructure in particular. Revindications were rampant, and their arguments revealed both the importance of the stakes and the nature of the elites’ mental tools. The elites, usually wanting solidarity and established power relations to be respected, also seized the occasion to modify these relations to further their own interests. In this way they deflected the aims of the initial project.

Information

Type
Stratégies Spatiales
Copyright
Copyright © Les Éditions de l’EHESS 1986

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