Two new species of Melanotrichus Reuter are described: wallisi from Saskatchewan, and elongatus from Alberta and Saskatchewan. The male genitalia of the new species and those of M. albocostatus Van Duzee and M. atriplicis Knight are illustrated.

Parthenicus brooksi n. sp. is described and male genitalia illustrated. Cyrtorhinus caricis (Fallén) and Fieberocapsus flaveolus (Reuter) are reported from Canada and North America respectively. Diaphnocoris pellucida (Uhler) is synonymized with D. provancheri (Burque).

The genus Eudasyphora Townsend 1911 is resurrected from junior synonymy and recognized with the genera Dasyphora Robineau-Desvoidy 1830 and Pyrellia Robineau-Desvoidy 1830. Rypellia Malloch 1932 is a subgenus of Eudasyphora, but Dasypyrellia Lobanov 1976 is reported as synonym novum. A key to the species of Eudasyphora is presented. Two new species are described: E. cordilleriana n. sp. from western North America, and E. canadiana n. sp. from northern North America. The phylogenetic and biogeographic analysis led to the following conclusions: Eudasyphora became separated from its sister genus Pyrellia before the beginning of the Pleistocene glaciations. The Rypellia line evolved further in the Oriental Region, whereas the Eudasyphora s. str. line developed in the Holarctic Region. Speciation in both subgenera is correlated with the history of the forest vegetation during the Pleistocene.

During 1977, a detailed study was undertaken to develop efficient sampling procedures for estimating egg and larval populations of the alfalfa blotch leafminer, Agromyza frontella (Rond.), in Vernal alfalfa. Distributions of the stages within and between stems were contagious and stem totals tended to follow negative binomial distributions. Within stems, the density of eggs and larval mines increased exponentially from base to tip. Taking these patterns and the costs of sampling into account, and using the relevant components of variance, four leaves taken systematically from a single stem is proposed as the appropriate sample unit for both eggs and mines. On this basis, 200 stems per field will give adequate precision (less than 10% of the mean with confidence probability 90%) for population estimates. However, the propensity of the leafminer to prefer the middle leaflet to the basal leaflets in the approximate ratio 3:4:3 suggests that sampling costs may be further reduced by restricting counts to the middle leaflet and raising them by a factor of 2.5.

Idolocoris agilis Uhler is redescribed and a lectotype designated. Three new species of Dicyphus Fieber are described: confusus from Alberta, British Columbia, Colorado, and Idaho; similis from Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, New Hampshire, and New York; tibialis from Alberta, British Columbia, Colorado, and Montana, Left claspers of the four species are illustrated.

Five syntypes of Calotelea ocularis Ashmead were studied; a lectotype is selected and redescribed. The ocularis-species group of Calotelea is proposed. The history of the type material of Caribbean species of Proctotrupoidea treated by Ashmead (in Riley et al. 1894) is briefly discussed.

The genus Calotelea Westwood of the Nearctic region is revised. Ten species are recognized, all of them new to science, viz.: C. anthracina ♀ ♂ (New Mexico), C. atra ♀ ♂ (Florida), C. aurulenta ♀ (Texas, North Carolina), C. bicolor ♀ ♂ (Virginia), C. cincta ♂ (New Mexico), C. flava ♀ (Florida, North Carolina, Texas), C. lutea ♀ (Virginia), C. mellea ♀ ♂ (Georgia), C. nebulosa ♀ (Georgia, South Carolina), and C. pulla ♀ (Florida). The taxonomic concept of Calotelea is reviewed. The taxonomic position of the 10 Nearctic species is discussed and the keys to females and males given.

Egg masses and eggs of Sialis hasta, S. iola, S. joppa, S. infumata, S. aequalis, S. vagans, S. glabella, S. mohri, S. velata, and S. itasca are described using SEM micrographs. Diagnostic characteristics of chorion surface and micropylar structure and a key for specific determination of eggs of these 10 species are given. Oviposition is confined to leaves and twigs near or overhanging water. Eggs are oriented either vertically or horizontally in the egg mass, and hatch in 5 to 10 days in the laboratory. Hatching larvae are aided by an egg burster which tears the chorion and aids in removing the embryonic envelope.

Lophyroplectus luteator (Thunb.), a European ichneumonid parasite previously established on Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.) in southwestern Ontario, was released near Hepworth, Ontario in 1970, on Manitoulin Island and in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario in 1972. All three releases resulted in establishment. Data on attack levels and host densities are presented for up to 4 years after release. Dispersal within release areas was rapid. In the first generation after release on Manitoulin Island parasites were obtained up to 900 m from the release site.

The sex pheromones of Archips argyrospilus (Walker), Archips rosanus (L.), Choristoneura rosaceana Harris, and Pandemis limitata Rob. were evaluated in orchards with the objective of developing a method of monitoring leafroller population densities. The sex pheromones were specific for three species but not for C. rosaceana. This leafroller was captured in traps containing A. rosanus sex pheromone more frequently than in traps with its own attractant. The trapping program indicated that C. rosaceana and P. limitata were abundant in the southern fruit growing region of British Columbia and that A. argyrospilus and A. rosanus were the predominant species in the northern region. The traps can be used to identify leafroller species in orchards and to indicate when moths are active which may help in timing control measures.

Intruding Oecanthus nigricornis (Walker) females stole nutritional glandular secretions from males engaged in post-copulatory behavior with their mates. This mating strategy may enhance female reproduction.

Mating behavior of Oecanthus spp. begins with elaborate male courtship involving vibratory, acoustic, and olfactory signalling. The female mounts the male, with copulation occurring soon after. During courtship and after copulation the female remains mounted and is provided with male metanotal glandular secretions. These nutritional secretions and the consumed spermatophore increase reproduction (Bell 1979; in press).