Hostname: page-component-89b8bd64d-4ws75 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2026-05-13T13:30:20.471Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Analysis of the chemical composition and phase structure of ‘Ru-type ware’ bodies under the influence of firing temperature

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 July 2021

Bo Wu  and
Weijuan Zhao
Bo Wu
Affiliation:
School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
Weijuan Zhao*
Affiliation:
School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
*
*E-mail: zwj@zzu.edu.cn
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The Qingliang Temple kiln located in Baofeng County, Henan Province, China, is the discovery site of Ru Kuan porcelain, which is one of the five famous porcelain types of the Song dynasty in China. The ‘Ru-type ware’ and unglazed firing bodies were unearthed from the Qingliang Temple kiln in 2014, and the excavation site was very close to the central firing area of Ru Kuan porcelain. In this paper, the chemical composition, firing temperature and phase structure of the Ru-type ware and unglazed firing bodies from the Qingliang Temple kiln were analysed systematically using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, high-temperature thermal expansion and X-ray diffraction. The raw-material sources of the Ru-type ware bodies with various glaze colours are consistent but differ significantly from those of the unglazed firing bodies. The firing temperatures of the Ru-type ware and unglazed firing bodies are 1150–1200°C and 950°C, respectively, which are considered underfired. Mullite, α-quartz, β-cristobalite and α-Fe2O3 are the main constituents of the Ru-type ware bodies, whereas α-quartz and anatase were identified in the unglazed firing bodies. The Ru-type ware is related to the Ru Kuan ware in terms of firing techniques and official use.

Keywords

bodychemical compositionfiring temperaturephase structureRu-type wareunglazed firing

Information

Type
Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 56 , Issue 2 , June 2021 , pp. 108 - 116
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

Footnotes

Associate Editor: Joao Labrinca

References

Feng, S., Xu, Q., Feng, X., Li, L., Yan, L., Huang, Y. et al. (2016) Analysis of Body and Glaze Characteristics on Ru Guan Ware at Qingliangsi. Science Publishing, Beijing, China, 46 pp.Google Scholar
Härdle, W. & Simar, L. (2003) Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis. Springer, Berlin, Germany, 121 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, W., Li, J., Deng, Z., Wu, J. & Guo, J. (2005) Study on Ru ware glaze of the Northern Song dynasty: one of the earliest crystalline-phase separated glazes in ancient China. Ceramics International, 31, 487–494.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lu, X., Xu, C. & Li, W. (2020) Applied research on the push-rod thermal expansion method used to determine firing temperatures of ancient ceramics. Science of Conservation and Archaeology, 32, 70–80.Google Scholar
Mukhopadhyay, P. (2008) Multivariate Statistical Analysis. World Scientific Publishing, Singapore, 108 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shi, P., Wang, F., Zhang, B., Luo, H., Zhu, J. & Fei, G. (2020) Study on the coloring mechanism of the Ru celadon glaze in the Northern Song dynasty. Ceramics International, 46, 23662–23668.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sun, X. & Zhao, H. (2019) 2014 excavation bulletin of Ru kiln site in Qingliang Temple of Baofeng. Huaxia Archaeology, 1, 49–60.Google Scholar
Tite, M.S. (1969a) Determination of the firing temperature of ancient ceramics by measurement of thermal expansion. Nature, 222, 81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tite, M.S. (1969b) Determination of the firing temperature of ancient ceramics by measurement of thermal expansion: a reassessment. Archaeometry, 11, 131–143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tong, Y. & Wang, C. (2019) Preliminary study on the firing temperature of ancient celadon in northern Guangxi. China Ceramics, 55, 63–70.Google Scholar
Wu, S. (1983) Ceramic Calculation. China Light Industry Press, Beijing, China, 213 pp.Google Scholar
Yu, Y. (2018) Ceramic Technology. Higher Education Press, Beijing, China, 87 pp.Google Scholar
Yuan, K., Liao, L., Wan, H., Wang, C. & Wang, C. (2011) Quantitative analysis of cristobalite and α-quartz in bentonite by X-ray powder diffraction: comparison between external standard and K-value method. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 39, 377–382.Google Scholar
Zhang, F. (2000) Science of Chinese Ancient Ceramics. Shanghai People's Fine Arts Publishing House, Shanghai, China, 39 pp.Google Scholar
Zhang, B., Cheng, H.S., Zhao, W.J., Gao, Z.Y., Li, G.X., Xie, J.Z. et al. (2006) PIXE analysis of Chinese Ru celadon made in the 11–12th centuries. X-ray Spectrometry, 35, 27–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, H. (2017) New Archaeological Discoveries of Ru Kiln in Baofeng Qingliang Temple. Henan People's Publishing House, Zhengzhou, China, 79 pp.Google Scholar
Zhao, W.J., Wu, Z.J., Lu, X.K., Sun, X.M., Li, G.X., Guo, M. & Xie, J.Z. (2007) NAA study on characteristics and sources of raw materials of celadon bodies from Qingliangsi kiln and Zhanggongxiang kiln. Nuclear Physics Review, 24, 284–288.Google Scholar
Zhao, W., Lu, X., Li, G., Guo, M., Xie, J., Gao, Z. et al. (2006) Main chemical ingredients of the celadon glaze from Qingliangsi kiln and Zhanggongxiang kiln. Science in China Series G: Physics, Mechanics and Astronomy, 49, 487–495.CrossRefGoogle Scholar