Thailand's Secret War: OSS, SOE and the Free Thai Underground during World War II

E. Bruce Reynolds

doi:10.1017/CBO9780511497360

References

Bibliography

INTERVIEWS

Jorge Orgibet, Bangkok, 18 August 1984

Dilworth Brinton, Bangkok, 31 October 1987

Alexander MacDonald, Bangkok, 9 November 1987

Konthi Suphamongkhon, Bangkok, 19 January 1988

Prasit Lulitanon, Bangkok, 20 January 1988

Arun Sorathet (Aroon Soratesn), Bangkok, 29 January 1988

Wimon Wiriyawit, Bangkok, 6 July 1993

Pao Khamurai (Pow Khamourai), Bangkok, 7 July 1993

Prince Chakraphan Pensiri, (Mom Chao Chakrabandhu Pensiri) Bangkok, 9 July 1993

Bunrot Binson (Boonrod Binson), Bangkok, 13 July 1993

Sala Thasanon (Sala Dasananda), Bangkok, 14 July 1993

Banchoet Phalangkun (Bancherd Balankura), Bangkok, 19 July 1993

Chok na Ranong, Bangkok, 20 July 1993

Sunthon Khantalaksa (Sunthorn Khantalaksana), Bangkok, 22 July 1993

Anond Siwatthana (Anond Srivardhana), Santa Clara, CA, 19 August 1993

Carl Eifler, Salinas, CA, 24 August 1994

William Pye, Leominster, MA, 11 October 1994

Joseph Lazarsky, Middleburg, VA, 23 October 1994

Francis T. Devlin, Washington, DC, 25 October 1994

Rachan Kanjanawanit (Rachan Kanjana-Vanit) and Nirat Samapathan (Samathapand), Bangkok, July 1996

Piya Chakkaphak, MacLean, VA, 8 May 2000

Charoen Charoen-Rajapak (Charoen Watthanaphanit), MacLean, VA, 9 May 2000

John “Jack” Carroll, Laguna Woods, CA, 27 July 2002

ARCHIVES/COLLECTIONS OF PAPERS

Norwood F. Allman Papers

Haydon L. Boatner

Oliver J. Caldwell Papers

Claire L. Chennault Papers

John L. Christian Papers

Frank Dorn Papers

M. Preston Goodfellow Papers

Stanley K. Hornbeck Papers

Milton E. Miles Papers

Willys R. Peck Papers

Joseph W. Stilwell Papers

Albert C. Wedemeyer Papers

Raymond A. Wheeler Papers

James M. McHugh Papers

Cordell Hull Papers

Special Operation Executive (SOE) Files (HS1)

Adolf Berle Papers

President's Secretary's File

[Nicol] Smith Papers held by his biographer Sharon Karr

Papers of the Naval Aide

President's Secretary's File

William Donovan Papers

Timberman-Fiske Family Papers

“United States, Office of Strategic Services Microfilm Copy of Files Selected for Filming by General William J. Donovan” (cited as: Microfilmed Donovan Files, USMHI)

US National Archives (USNA), College Park, MD

Record Group 38 – Naval Group China

Record Group 59 – State Department

Record Group 84 – Records of the US Bangkok Legation

Record Group 165 – Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS)

Record Group 208 – Office of War Information (OWI)

Record Group 226 – Office of Strategic Services (OSS)

Record Group 263 – Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

Record Group 331 – Southeast Asia Command (SEAC) War Diary

Record Group 457 – Message Intercept Translations

C14: “Lot Files of the US Department of State Relating to Southeast Asia 1944–1958” (cited as SEA Lot Files, C14, USNA)

M1419: “‘Eyes Alone’ Correspondence of General Joseph Stilwell”

M1642: “Records of the Office of Strategic Services, 1941–1945: Washington, Director's Office Administrative Files.” (cited as M1642, USNA)

M1656: “Strategic Services Unit Intelligence Reports, 1945–1946”

Carleton F. Scofield Papers

Edgar Snow Papers

Kenneth and Margaret Landon Collection

MICROFILMS

“The Biography of General Luang Haansonkram” (English translation of Han Songkhram's Funeral Volume published in Thai in 1971). Washington, DC: Library of Congress Microfilms, no date

“The MAGIC Diplomatic Summaries and Transcripts of the Top Secret Diplomatic Communications of Japan, 1938–1945.” Washington, DC: University Publications, 1980

Netr Kemayothin (Net Khemayothin). “Underground Works of Colonel Yothi” (English translation of Net's Memoirs, published in Thai in 1957). Washington, DC: Library of Congress Microfilms, no date

“OSS/State Department Intelligence and Research Reports, Part I, Japan and Its Occupied Territories During World War II.” 16 reels. Washington, DC: University Publications, 1977

NEWSPAPERS

Bangkok Chronicle

Bangkok Post

London Times

The Nation

New York Times

DISSERTATIONS, THESES, AND UNPUBLISHED PAPERS AND MANUSCRIPTS

Anond Srivardhana. “My Role with the Free Thai Movement,” n.d

Brinton, Dilworth C. Family letters from Bangkok, September 1945–March 1946. Copies provided by Dilworth C. Brinton Jr

Charoen Charoen-Rajapark (Charoen Wathanapanit). “Memorandum of Activities of a Free Thai in World War II,” photocopied, n.d

Chok na Ranong. “Report from Lt. N. R. Charles,” a copy of which was provided to the author by William Pye

Free Thai Committee. “Recent Developments in Thailand.” 27 November 1942, mimeographed. (Copy held by Hamilton Library, University of Hawaii-Manoa.)

Gilchrist, Andrew. Diary of his time in Bangkok from 8 October 1945–27 April 1946. Notes from a copy loaned by the author

Gilchrist, Andrew. “Cross Purposes in Siam,” a copy of an unpublished May 1946 article, provided by the author

Gilchrist, Andrew. “Bangkok Again,” a copy of an unpublished memoir chapter, n.d., provided by the author

Hickey, Rita. “Anglo-American Relations and Policy Toward Thailand, 1942–45.” MA thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science, 1985

Krachang Tularak. “Seri Thai say tamniap Ta Chang” (The Seri Thai, Ta Chang Line), typescript, a copy provided to the author by Kraisi Tularak

Krairiksh, Vinita. “The Politics of Phibun: National Leader, 1932–1944.” Ph.D. dissertation, American University, 1975

Mumma, Van I. “Diary of Van I. Mumma While in Thailand, 1945,” a copy provided to the author by Sala Dasananda. Cited with the permission of Mrs. Jeannette Mumma

Nehrer, Arlene B. “Prelude to Alliance: Thai-American Relations from 1930 to 1950.” MA thesis, Northern Illinois University, 1974

Nehrer, Arlene B. “Prelude to Alliance: The Expansion of the American Economic Interest in Thailand During the 1940's.” Ph.D. dissertation, Northern Illinois University, 1980

Niksch, Larry A. “The United States Foreign Policy in Thailand's Postwar Peace Settlements with Great Britain and France.” Ph.D. dissertation, Georgetown University, 1976

Piya Chakkaphak. “My Role in the Free Thai Movement,” 17 March 1997, a copy provided by the author

Pye, William. “Ayus Isarasena's Contribution to the Free Thai Movement,” n.d., a copy provided by the author

Reynolds, Edward Bruce. “Ambivalent Allies: Japan and Thailand 1940–1945.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of Hawaii, 1988

THAI FUNERAL VOLUMES

(Adun Adundetcharat) Ruang naiphon suasat (The Story of the Honest General). Bangkok: n.p., 1970

(Sanguan Tularak) Anuson ngan phrarachathan ploengsop Sanguan Tularak (A Cremation Volume for Sanguan Tularak). Bangkok: n.p., 1995

(Sangwon Yutthakit) Phim pen anuson nai ngan phrarachathan ploengsop (A Cremation Volume). Bangkok: Chuanphim Press, 1973

ARTICLES AND BOOK CHAPTERS

Aldrich, Richard. “American Intelligence and the British Raj: The OSS, the SSU and India, 1942–1947.” In Martin S. Alexander, ed., Knowing Your Friends, 152–64. London: Frank Cass, 1998

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Aldrich, Richard “Britain's Secret Intelligence Service in Asia During the Second World War.” Modern Asian Studies 32 (1998): 179–217

Batson, Benjamin A. “The Fall of the Phibun Government, 1944.” The Journal of the Siam Society 62 (July 1974): 89–120

Batson, Benjamin A. “Siam and Japan: The Perils of Independence.” In Alfred W. McCoy, ed., Southeast Asia Under the Japanese Occupation, 267–302. New Haven: Yale Southeast Asia Program, 1980

Bickers, Robert. “The Business of a Secret War: Operation ‘Remorse’ and SOE Salesmanship in Wartime China.” Intelligence and National Security 16 (Winter 2001): 11–36

“British Imperial Policy in Asia: The Case of Thailand.” Amerasia 9 (26 January 1945): 23–26

Kasetsiri, Charnvit. “The First Phibun Government and Its Involvement in World War II.” The Journal of the Siam Society 62 (July 1974): 25–64

Chen, S. C. “China and Southeastern Asia.” Institute of Pacific Relations Hot Springs Conference. New York: Institute of Pacific Relations, 1945, 2: 1–30

Clymer, Kenton J. “The Education of William Phillips: Self-Determination and American Policy Toward India, 1942–45.” Diplomatic History 8 (Winter 1984): 13–35

Crosby, Josiah. “Observations on a Post-War Settlement in South-East Asia.” International Affairs 20 (July 1944): 357–68

Dennett, Tyler. “Security in the Pacific and the Far East.” Institute of Pacific Relations Quebec Conference. New York: Institute of Pacific Relations, 1942, 9: 1–35

Eastman, Lloyd E. “Regional Politics and the Central Government: Yunnan and Chungking.” In Paul K. T. Sih, Nationalist China During the Sino-Japanese War. Hicksville, NY: Exposition Press, 1977

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Landon, Margaret. “Thailand Under the Japanese.” Asia and the Americas 44, no. 9 (September 1944): 388–93

Louis, William Roger. “American Anti-Colonialism and the Dissolution of the British Empire.” In Louis and Hedley Bull, eds., The “Special Relationship,” 261–83. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986

Martin, James V. Jr. “Thai-American Relations in World War II.” Journal of Asian Studies 22 (August 1963): 451–67

Murashima Eiji. “The Thai-Japanese Alliance and the Chinese of Thailand.” In Paul H. Kratoska, ed., Southeast Asian Minorities in the Wartime Japanese Empire, 192–222. New York: RoutledgeCurzon, 2002

Phisut Suthat (Pisoot Sudasna). “Phi Pao chuai chewit puan thahan sam nai” [Elder Pao saved the lives of his three fellow soldiers]. In Kroprob 90 pi Acharn Pao Khamurai [The 90th Birthday Anniversary of Professor Pao Khamurai]. Bangkok: n.p, 2003

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Reynolds, E. Bruce. “General Nakamura Aketo – Khaki-clad Diplomat in Wartime Thailand.” In Chaiwat Khamchoo and E. Bruce Reynolds, eds., Thai–Japanese Relations in Historical Perspective, 161–202. Bangkok: Innomedia, 1988

Reynolds, E. Bruce. “Aftermath of Alliance: The Wartime Legacy in Thai–Japanese Relations.” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 21 (March 1990): 66–87

Reynolds, E. Bruce. “The Opening Wedge: The OSS in Thailand.” In George C. Chalou, ed., The Secrets War, 328–50. Washington, DC: National Archives and Records Administration, 1992

Reynolds, E. Bruce. “‘International Orphans’ – The Chinese in Thailand during World War II.” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 28 (September 1997): 365–88

Reynolds, E. Bruce. “Failed Endeavours: Chinese Efforts to Gain Political Influence in Thailand during World War II.” Intelligence and National Security 16 (Winter 2001): 175–204

Reynolds, E. Bruce. “The Indian Community and the Indian Independence Movement in Thailand during World War II.” In Paul H. Kratoska, ed., Southeast Asian Minorities in the Wartime Japanese Empire, 170–91. New York: RoutledgeCurzon, 2002

Reynolds, E. Bruce. “Staying Behind in Bangkok: The OSS and American Intelligence in Postwar Thailand.” The Journal of Intelligence History 2 (Winter 2002): 21–48

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Pramoj (Pramot), Seni. “Thailand and Japan.” Far Eastern Survey 12 (20 October 1943): 204–08

Seni Pramoj (Pramot). “Kwan samphan rawang Thai kap Amerika rawang songkhram lok khrang thi song” [Relations Between Thailand and America during World War II]. In (no editor given) Khwam samphan rawang Thai kap Amerika [Relations Between Thailand and America], 176–200. Bangkok: Phraephitaya, 1976

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Tarling, Nicholas. “‘An Attempt to Fly in the Face of the Ordinary Laws of Supply and Demand’: The British and Siamese Rice 1945–7.” Journal of the Siam Society 75 (1987): 140–86

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Windmiller, Marshall. “A Tumultuous Time: OSS and Army Intelligence in India, 1942–1946.” Intelligence and Counterintelligence 8 (Spring 1995): 105–24

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Maochun, Yu. “‘In God We Trusted, In China We Busted’; The China Commando Group of the Special Operations Executive (SOE).” Intelligence and National Security 16 (Winter 2001): 37–60

Wyatt, David K. “Voices from Southeast Asia's Past.” Journal of Asian Studies 53 (November 1994): 1076–91

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Thailand's Secret War

OSS, SOE and the Free Thai Underground during World War II

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Contents

Frontmatter
pp i-viii

Contents
pp ix-ix

List of illustrations
pp x-xiii

List of maps
pp xiv-xiv

Preface
pp xv-xvi

Acknowledgments
pp xvii-xviii

Notes on names and transliteration
pp xix-xx

Prologue
pp 1-8

1 - The origins of the Free Thai movement
pp 9-46

2 - The China tangle
pp 47-81

3 - Chamkat and the Allies
pp 82-116

4 - Showdown in Friendship Valley
pp 117-157

5 - Frustrated hopes
pp 158-195

6 - Contact at last
pp 196-252

7 - The OSS commits to Pridi
pp 253-286

8 - Pridi's bid for national redemption
pp 287-331

9 - Arming and training the underground
pp 332-368

10 - The end game
pp 369-429

Epilogue
pp 430-440

Bibliography
pp 441-454

Index
pp 455-462

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