The Bells of Victory: The Pitt-Newcastle Ministry and Conduct of the Seven Years' War 1757-1762

Richard Middleton

doi:10.1017/CBO9780511522727

'Our Bells are worn threadbare with ringing for victory', wrote Horace Walpole after receiving news of Wolfe's victory at Quebec in October 1759. Traditional accounts of the Seven Years' War have emphasized the contribution of the Elder Pitt to the success of Britain in Europe, the Caribbean, Africa, India and the Far East. The Bells of Victory argues that such a view is misguided and that, far from exercising single-handed control, Pitt's influence was necessarily circumscribed. The margin between military success and failure was extremely small, and the British authorities worked within constraints imposed by constitutional propriety and political expediency. Effective government action was the result of teamwork by many individuals in the diverse fields of diplomacy, politics, finance, the army, navy, ordnance and commissariat.

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The Bells of Victory

The Pitt-Newcastle Ministry and Conduct of the Seven Years' War 1757-1762

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Contents

Frontmatter
pp i-vi

Contents
pp vii-viii

Preface
pp ix-xii

Abbreviations
pp xiii-xiv

Introduction: The Outbreak of War and Formation of the Ministry
pp 1-21

1 - A Crisis of Confidence
pp 22-46

2 - A New Start
pp 47-70

3 - The Broadening Effort
pp 71-96

4 - The Threat of Invasion
pp 97-129

5 - The Bells of Victory
pp 130-146

6 - Consolidation
pp 147-169

7 - A New King
pp 170-199

8 - War with Spain: Conclusion
pp 200-218

Appendix: Pitt and the Historians
pp 219-232

Bibliography
pp 233-244

Index
pp 245-251

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The Bells of Victory

The Pitt-Newcastle Ministry and Conduct of the Seven Years' War 1757-1762

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