Birth, Distress and Disease: Placental-Brain Interactions

doi:10.1017/CBO9780511545658

This volume examines the role of steroids and peptides in the regulation of pregnancy and pregnancy outcome, and their long-term effects including possible influences on adult-onset diseases. During pregnancy the placenta acts as a central regulator and coordinator of maternal and fetal physiology, and the onset of labor, through its production and regulation of steroids and peptides. Perturbations to this regulatory system can result in poor pregnancy outcome, such as preterm birth and low birth weight. These in turn are linked to diseases in later life. Intriguingly, many of these regulatory actions of steroids and peptides also occur in the brain. The induction and suppression of peptides by steroids appears to be key to regulatory function in both brain and placenta. These interweaving strands, linking basic science with obstetrics, are all reviewed in depth here producing a fascinating account of an important area of materno-fetal medicine.

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Contents

Frontmatter
pp i-vi
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Contents
pp vii-viii
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List of contributors
pp ix-x
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Preface
pp xi-xii
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Introduction: brain and placenta, birth and behavior, health and disease
pp 1-15
- By Michael L. Power, Department of Conservation Biology, Nutrition Laboratory, Smithsonian's National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Research, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Jay Schulkin, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Georgetown University, School of Medicine; Clinical Neuroendocrinology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health; and Department of Research, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Washington DC, USA
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1 - Placental expression of neurohormones and other neuroactive molecules in human pregnancy
pp 16-73
- By Felice Petraglia, Pasquale Florio, Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine, University of Siena, Siena School of Medicine, Siena, Italy, Wylie W. Vale, Peptide Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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2 - The regulation of human parturition
pp 74-87
- By Roger Smith, Sam Mesiano, Richard Nicholson, Vicki Clifton, Tamas Zakar, Eng-Cheng Chan, Andrew Bisits, Warwick Giles, Mothers and Babies Research Centre, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, Australia
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3 - Maternal nutrition and metabolic control of pregnancy
pp 88-113
- By Michael L. Power, Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Conservation Biology, Smithsonian's National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, USA, Suzette D. Tardif, Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
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4 - Fetal HPA activation, preterm birth and postnatal programming
pp 114-141
- By Deborah M. Sloboda, Timothy J. M. Moss, John P. Newnham, School of Women's and Infants' Health and the Women and Infants Research Foundation, University of Western Australia, Western Australia, John R. G. Challis, Departments of Physiology, and Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, CIHR Group in Fetal and Neonatal Health and Development, CIHR Institute of Human Development, Child and Youth Health, Canada
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5 - Prenatal glucocorticoids and the programming of adult disease
pp 142-182
- By Jonathan R. Seckl, Amanda J. Drake, Megan C. Holmes, Endocrinology Unit, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
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6 - Prenatal stress and stress physiology influences human fetal and infant development
pp 183-201
- By Elysia Poggi Davis, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California, USA, Calvin J. Hobel, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA, Curt A. Sandman, Laura Glynn, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California, USA, Pathik D. Wadhwa, Departments of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
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7 - Glucocorticoids and the ups and downs of neuropeptide gene expression
pp 202-234
- By Alan G. Watts, The NIBS-Neuroscience Program and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, CA, USA
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8 - Glucocorticoid facilitation of corticotropin-releasing hormone in the placenta and the brain: functional impact on birth and behavior
pp 235-268
- By Jay Schulkin, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Georgetown University, School of Medicine, Clinical Neuroendocrinology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Washington DC, USA, Louis Schmidt, Department of Psychology, McMaster University, Canada, Kristine Erickson, Molecular Neuroimaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda MD, USA
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Index
pp 269-279
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Birth, Distress and Disease

Placental-Brain Interactions

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Contents

Frontmatter
pp i-vi

Contents
pp vii-viii

List of contributors
pp ix-x

Preface
pp xi-xii

Introduction: brain and placenta, birth and behavior, health and disease
pp 1-15

1 - Placental expression of neurohormones and other neuroactive molecules in human pregnancy
pp 16-73

2 - The regulation of human parturition
pp 74-87

3 - Maternal nutrition and metabolic control of pregnancy
pp 88-113

4 - Fetal HPA activation, preterm birth and postnatal programming
pp 114-141

5 - Prenatal glucocorticoids and the programming of adult disease
pp 142-182

6 - Prenatal stress and stress physiology influences human fetal and infant development
pp 183-201

7 - Glucocorticoids and the ups and downs of neuropeptide gene expression
pp 202-234

8 - Glucocorticoid facilitation of corticotropin-releasing hormone in the placenta and the brain: functional impact on birth and behavior
pp 235-268

Index
pp 269-279

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Birth, Distress and Disease

Placental-Brain Interactions

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