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Figures

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 July 2023

Edited by
Linda R. Waugh ,
Monique Monville-Burston  and
John E. Joseph
Linda R. Waugh
Affiliation:
University of Arizona
Monique Monville-Burston
Affiliation:
Cyprus University of Technology
John E. Joseph
Affiliation:
University of Edinburgh

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Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge History of Linguistics , pp. xii - xiii
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

Figures

  • 3.1Relative distances of action-participants

  • 11.1English-language adaptation of Schleicher’s tree (1861: 7)

  • Intro.III.1Representation of the SFL model (based on writings by Halliday and Martin in the 1980s and 1990s)

  • 17.1Standard Theory of Chomsky (1965)

  • 17.2Generative Semantics (GS) model of around 1970 (based on Lakoff 1971)

  • 17.3Extended Standard Theory (EST) of the late 1970s

  • 17.4Derivation of That book I want to ask Mary to tell Tom to read, in GPSG

  • 17.5Derivation of That all languages are learnable is captured by this theory, in LFG

  • 19.1Cups, mugs, bowls, etc.

  • 21.1Terminology for the designation of core lexical entities

  • 22.1Tone shift in Digo

  • 22.2Tone stability in Kirundi

  • 22.3Metrical structure of the word Athabaskan in English

  • 22.4Metrical structure of a verb stem in Modern Standard Arabic

  • 23.1Vowel qualities: (a) as defined in IPA vs (b) as a combination of vectors

  • 23.2Autosegmental-metrical labelling of a pitch contour (from Pierrehumbert 1980b: 151; cf. 1980a: 260)

  • 23.3Coarticulation conceived as finding a trajectory through permitted ranges of variation (from Blackburn & Young 2000)

    1. a. Simulated articulator trajectory using the window model of coarticulation

    2. b. Simulated articulator trajectory using a probabilistic coarticulation model

  • 23.4Approximation to the vocal tract shape using a number of concatenated cylindrical sections, with cross-sectional areas calculated from LPC coefficients

  • 23.5Synthetic spectrograms used to test categorical perception (from Delattre, Liberman, & Cooper 1955)

    1. a. Synthetic spectrograms showing second-formant transitions that produce the voiced stops before various vowels

    2. b. Stimulus patterns and identifications with and without a silent interval between the second-formant locus and the onset of the transition

  • 23.6Acoustic separation of /b/, /d/, and /g/ when the following vowel is factored in (Lindblom 1996)

  • 23.7Stimuli for testing perception of place of articulation (from Liberman et al. 1957)

  • 23.8Responses of listeners to stimuli from Figure 23.7 (from Liberman et al. 1957)

    1. a. Identification of categories

    2. b. Description of neighbouring stimuli

  • 23.9Voice Onset Time (VOT) and phonation distinctions (from Lisker & Abramson 1964)

    1. a. In English, with two distinct phonation categories

    2. b. In Thai, with three distinct phonation categories

  • 23.10The quantal nature of stricture (from Clements & Ridouane 2006

  • 24.1Semantic map of dative marking in English and Polish

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