Figures
1.1Examples of Twemoji rendering of emoji from the Unicode ‘Smileys and People’ category
2.1GIFs and digital stickers used to express ideas about vaccination in social media paralanguage
2.2An overview of how an emoji code point becomes a picture character on a screen
2.3Examples of the skin tone modifier acting on the Twitter rendering of the Vulcan salute base emoji
2.4Examples of emoji sequences and their fall-back positions
2.5Different renderings of the HOT BEVERAGE emoji, U+2615, across a selection of vendors
2.8Instagram emoji suggestion (left) and iMessage emoji prediction (right) in the Apple iMessage application
3.4Emoji realising ideational discourse semantic choices (factoring out language)
3.6Intermodal convergence in relations between written verbiage and emoji
3.9A single emoji interacting with two linguistic thing entities
3.10Two field-related emoji interacting with different linguistic [entities]
3.11An emoji interacting with multiple linguistic resources in a text
3.13An example of emoji interacting with positive and negative interpersonal prosodies
5.3Classification taxonomy for emoji and language resources in Text (5.28)
9.2An example of an emoji graphic created with Slack (Anonymous, 2022)
9.3Detail from an Instagram story containing a digital sticker (Knight, 2022)
9.4An example of an Instagram story including a ‘GIPHY’ selected from a palette using the search term ‘coffee’ (Knight, 2022)
9.6A simplified version of the relation of the body and visual media in a tweet
9.9A Twitter interaction saturated with positive attitude (light grey) targeting ideation (dark grey)
9.10An example of a GIF saturated with emblems of positive attitude
9.11Intermodal emoji–co-text-GIF relations incorporating a bonding icon
10.2A ‘goodbye’ GIF included in a popular tweet about leaving Twitter