Figures
I.1Voters’ identification with the right in Latin America, 2008–2020
I.2Percentage of voters who consider crime, drugs, and political violence/terrorism as major national problems, Latinobarómetro (1996–2018)
I.3Percentage of voters who would support a military coup when there is a lot of crime, 2004/2006–2018
I.4Mean support for gay marriage in Latin America (1–10 scale), 2010–2016/2018
I.5Mean support for abortion in Latin America (1–10 scale), 2001–2006/2017–2018
I.6Boxplot of right-wing parties’ positions on the secular–confessional divide, by party founding date
I.7Boxplot of right-wing parties’ positions on the state–market divide, by party founding date
I.8Boxplot of right-wing parties’ positions on abortion, by party founding date
I.9Boxplot of right-wing parties’ positions on gay marriage, by party founding date
I.10Mean party routinization by ideological bloc and party founding date
1.2Share of the national vote obtained by major right-wing parties, selected countries
1.3Marginal effect of parties’ roots in authoritarianism conditional on intensity of political conflict during the dictatorship
1.4Marginal effect of religious principles conditional on the secular–religious cleavage
1.5Marginal effects of left-wing incumbents conditional on lagged GDP growth
1.6Marginal effect of left-wing incumbents conditional on the saliency of crime and political violence
3.1Percentage of valid votes (excluding null and blank votes) in favor of Fujimorista parties, 1990–2021
3.3Ideological self-perception of Fujimoristas (hardcore and leaners) and anti-Fujimoristas, 2019 and 2021
3.4Populist Index’s scores for Fujimoristas (hardcore and leaners) and anti-Fujimoristas, 2019 and 2021
3.5Percentages of valid votes for right-wing presidential candidates in the 2011, 2016, and 2021 first-round presidential elections
3.6Populist Index scores for prospective voters in the 2021 parliamentary elections
3.7Populist Index scores for prospective voters in the 2021 presidential elections
4.1Percentage of the vote won by the CD in legislative elections
4.2Percentage of votes for the CD in the presidential elections by municipality
4.3Percentage of votes for the CD in elections for legislative and subnational units by municipality
4.4The CD’s performance in legislative elections compared to other parties
4.6Number of entries with words pertaining to security on documents posted in right-wing parties’ websites
4.7The answer to the question: “What is the most important problem in Colombia?”
4.8Difference in proportions of security as the biggest problem, as seen by urubista voters
4.9The CD’s networks of coalitions during Colombia’s mayoral elections, 2019
4.10The CD’s networks of coalitions during Colombia’s gubernatorial elections, 2019
5.2Party identification according to income groups (in percentage)
5.3Party identification according to education (in percentage)
5.5Support for democracy according to partisanship (in percentage)
5.6Positions on the state/market axis and moral issues, by partisan identification
6.3Marginal effect of left-wing incumbent conditional on the extension of LGBTQ rights
6.4Marginal effect of left-wing incumbent conditional on the saliency of redistribution and poverty
7.1Main problems in Latin American countries according to citizens in 2020
7.2The five most salient categories for Bolsonaro (2018 elections) and Kast (Reference Kast2021 elections)
7.3Salience and policies toward immigration in twelve Latin American countries by party
7.4Index of salience of immigration for Kast (Reference Kast2021 elections) and Bolsonaro (2018 elections) compared to others PRR actors
8.1Left–right placement of Chilean presidential candidates’ manifestos, 1989–2017
8.2Left–right and economic placement of presidential candidates, 1989–2017
8.3Left–right and economic placement of congressmen, 1993–2017
8.4Legislators’ perceptions concerning the role of the state in the economy (2010–2018)
9.1Percentage of seats according to ideology, Chamber of Deputies Venezuela, 1958–1998
9.2Barriers to parties, civil society organization repression, and political polarization in Venezuela, 1958–2020
9.3Equality before the law and individual liberty, judicial constraints on the executive and liberal democracy index in Venezuela, 1958–2020
10.1Religious leaders’ support for Bolsonaro between religious groups and waves
10.2Effect of religious affiliation on vote for Bolsonaro, moderated by religious leaders’ support for Bolsonaro (Wave 3)
10.3Effect of religious affiliation on vote for Bolsonaro, moderated by attitude about homosexuality (Wave 3)
10.4Effect of religious affiliation on vote for Bolsonaro, moderated by attitude about abortion (Wave 3)
