Domestic lawyers are, above all, officers of the court. By contrast, the public international lawyer representing states before international tribunals is torn between loyalties to the state and loyalties to international law. As the stakes increase for the state concerned, the tension between these loyalties can become acute and lead to practices that would be condemned in developed national legal systems but have hitherto been ignored by international tribunals in international legal scholarship. They are the 'dirty stories' of international law. This detailed and contextually sensitive presentation of eight important cases before a variety of public international tribunals dissects some of the reasons for the resort to fraudulent evidence in international litigation and the profession's baffling reaction. Fraudulent evidence is resorted to out of greed, moral mediocrity or inherent dishonesty. In public international litigation, by contrast, the reasons are often more complex, with roots in the dynamics of international politics.
Application for Revision of the Judgment of 11 September 1992 in the Case Concerning the Land, Island and Maritime Frontier Dispute (El Salvador/Honduras: Nicaragua Intervening) (El Salvador v. Honduras) (18 Dec. 2003), 97 ILR 112
Aryeh v. Iran, 33 Iran-US Cl. Trib. Rep. 272 (1997)
Birnbaum v. Iran, 33 Iran-US Cl. Trib. Rep. 286 (1995)
Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. v. Iran, 6 Iran-US Cl. Trib. Rep. 52 (1984)
Continental Shelf Case (Tunisia/Libya), 1982 ICJ Rep. 18 (24 Feb.), 67 ILR 4
Continental Shelf Case, Application for Revision and Interpretation of the Judgment of 24 February 1982 in the Case Concerning the Continental Shelf (Tunisia/Libya), 1985 ICJ Rep. 192 (10 Dec.), 81 ILR 419
Corfu Channel Case (United Kingdom v. Albania), 1949 ICJ Rep. 4 (9 Apr.), 16 ILR 155
Dadras International and Per-Am Construction Corp. v. Iran, 31 Iran-US Cl. Trib. Rep. 127 (1995)
Dames and Moore v. Iran, 8 Iran-US Cl. Trib. Rep. 107 (1985)
Davidson (Homayounjah) v. Iran, 36 Iran-US Cl. Trib. Rep 43 (2000)
Glamis Gold, Ltd. v. United States (Canada v. United States), UNCITRAL Award, 8 June 2009, available at: www.state.gov/documents/organization/125798.pdf
Golshani v. Iran, 29 Iran-US Cl. Trib. Rep. 78 (1993)
Gulf Associates, Inc. v. Iran, 35 Iran-US Cl. Trib. Rep. 45 (1999)
Henry Morris v. Iran, 3 Iran-US Cl. Trib. Rep. 364 (1983)
Jacobellis v. Ohio, 378 US 184, 197 (1964)
Lake Lanoux Arbitration (France v. Spain) (Arbitral Trib. 1957), 24 ILR 101
Lischem Corp. Gifted, Inc. v. Atomic Energy Organization of Iran, 7 Iran-US Cl. Trib. Rep. 18 (1984)
Location of Boundary Markers in Taba Between Egypt and Israel, 20 R. Int'l Arb. Awards 1 (29 Sept. 1988)
Maritime Delimitation and Territorial Questions Between Qatar and Bahrain (Qatar v. Bahrain), 2001 ICJ Rep. 40 (16 Mar.), 139 ILR 1
Maritime Delimitation and Territorial Questions between Qatar and Bahrain, Jurisdiction and Admissibility, Judgment, 1994 ICJ Rep. 112 (1 July)
Military and Paramilitary Activities in and Against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. United States), 1986 ICJ Rep. 14 (27 June), 76 ILR 1, 349
Mixed Claims Commission, United States and Germany, Administrative Decisions and Opinions of a General Nature and Opinions and Decisions in Certain Individual Claims From October 1, 1926, to December 31, 1932, with Orders of March 25 and May 7, 1925 and Appendices (Washington, DC: Gov. Printing Office, 1933)
United States ex rel. Lehigh Valley RR v. Germany (Mixed Cl. Comm'n 1930)
Decision of the Commission Rendered by the Umpire, Honorable Owen J. Roberts (3 Dec. 1932)
United States ex rel. Phila.-Girard Nat'l Bank v. Germany
Mixed Claims Commission, United States and Germany, Opinions and Decisions in the Sabotage Claims Handed Down June 15, 1939, and October 30, 1939 and Appendix (Washington, DC: Gov. Printing Office, 1939)
Certificate of Disagreement and Opinion of the American Commissioner (15 June 1939)
Decision of Commission Rendered by the Umpire (15 June 1939)
Mixed Claims Commission: United States and Germany: Decisions and Opinions from January 1, 1933 to October 30, 1939 (Excepting Decisions in the Sabotage Claims of June 15, and October 30, 1939) (Washington, DC: Gov. Printing Office, 1940)
Decision of the Commission (15 Dec. 1933)
North Sea Continental Shelf (Germany v. Denmark/Germany v. The Netherlands), 1969 ICJ Rep. 3 (20 Feb.), 41 ILR 29
Polish Agrarian Reform and the German Minority (Germany v. Poland), 1933 PCIJ (ser. B) No. 60 (29 July), 7 ILR 497
Ram Int'l Indus. v. Air Force of Iran, 29 Iran-US Cl. Trib. Rep. 383 (1993)
Riahi v. Iran, 39 Iran-US Cl. Trib. Rep. 158 (2003)
Riahi v. Iran, 2004 WL 2812132, Iran-US Cl. Trib. (17 Nov. 2004)
Uiterwyk Corp. v. Iran, 19 Iran-US Cl. Trib. Rep. 107 (1988)
Ultrasystems Inc. v. Iran, 2 Iran-US Cl. Trib. Rep. 100 (1983) (partial award)
Ultrasystems, Inc. v. Iran, 4 Iran-US Cl. Trib. Rep. 77 (1983) (final award)
United States v. La Abra Silver Mining Co., 32 Ct. Cl. 462 (1897)
United States v. La Abra Silver Mining Co., 175 US 423 (1899)
United States v. Weil, 35 Ct. Cl. 42 (1900)
Z. & F. Assets Realization Corp. v. Hull, 31 F. Supp. 371 (DDC 1940)
Z. & F. Assets Realization Corp. v. Hull, 311 US 470 (1941)
“A Brief of the American Agent Supplementing the Oral Argument had at Boston, Mass., July 30-Aug. 1, 1931” in United States ex rel. Lehigh Valley RR v. Germany (Mixed Cl. Comm'n 15 Sept. 1931) (No. 8102)
“American Brief for Washington Argument of Nov. 1932” in United States ex rel. Lehigh Valley RR v. Germany (Mixed Cl. Comm'n 18 Nov. 1932) (No. 8103)
“Application Instituting Proceedings” in Corfu Channel Case (United Kingdom v. Albania), 1949 ICJ Pleadings 8 (13 May 1947)
“Brief on Behalf of the Underwriters’ Committee” in United States ex rel. Lehigh Valley RR v. Germany (Mixed Cl. Comm'n 10 Mar. 1925) (No. 8102)
“Brief for Claimant” in United States ex rel. Lehigh Valley RR v. Germany (Mixed Cl. Comm'n 21 May 1928) (No. 8103)
“Counter-Memorial of the Arab Republic of Egypt, In the Matter of an Arbitration Between the Arab Republic of Egypt and the State of Israel” (12 Oct. 1987)
“Counter-Memorial of Israel, The Egypt-Israel Arbitration Tribunal Established in Accordance with the Compromis Signed 11 September 1986” (12 Oct. 1987)
“Counter-Memorial of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya” in Continental Shelf Case (Tunisia/Libya), 1982 ICJ Pleadings 147, paras. 28–30 (2 Feb. 1981), available at: www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/63/9523.pdf
“Counter-Memorial Submitted by the State of Qatar” in Maritime Delimitation and Territorial Questions Between Qatar and Bahrain (31 Dec. 1997), available at: www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/87/7061.pdf
Declaration of Intervention of the Republic of El Salvador, Military and Paramilitary Activities in and Against Nicaragua(Nicaragua v. United States) (15 Aug. 1984), available at: www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/70/9625.pdf
“Final Brief for the Underwriters” in United States ex rel. Lehigh Valley RR Co. v. Germany (Mixed Cl. Comm'n 22 Mar. 1930) (No. 8103)
“Memorial of the Arab Republic of Egypt, In the Matter of an Arbitration Between the Arab Republic of Egypt and the State of Israel” (13 May 1987)
“Memorial of Israel, The Egypt-Israel Arbitration Tribunal Established in Accordance with the Compromis Signed 11 September 1986” (13 May 1987)
“Memorial of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya” in Continental Shelf Case (Tunisia/Libya), 1982 ICJ Pleadings 455, para. 30 (30 May 1980), available at: www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/63/9517.pdf
“Memorial Submitted by the State of Bahrain (Merits)” in Maritime Delimitation and Territorial Questions Between Qatar and Bahrain (30 Sept. 1996), available at: www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/87/7055.pdf
“Memorial Submitted by the State of Qatar” in Maritime Delimitation and Territorial Questions Between Qatar and Bahrain (30 Sept. 1996), available at: www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/87/7057.pdf
“Memorial of the United Kingdom” in Corfu Channel (United Kingdom v. Albania.), 1949 ICJ Pleadings 17 (30 Sept. 1947)
“Oral Arguments” in United States ex rel. Lehigh Valley RR v. Germany (24 Sept. 1930) (No. 8103)
“Petition for Rehearing” in United States ex rel. Lehigh Valley RR v. Germany (Mixed Cl. Comm'n 12 Jan. 1931) (No. 8102)
“Rejoinder of the Arab Republic of Egypt, In the Matter of an Arbitration Between the Arab Republic of Egypt and the State of Israel” (1 Feb. 1988)
“Reply Brief for the Underwriters” in United States ex rel. Lehigh Valley RR v. Germany (Mixed Cl. Comm'n 15 Mar. 1929) (No. 8102)
“Reply of the United Kingdom” in Corfu Channel (United Kingdom v. Albania), 1949 ICJ Pleadings 241 (26 Mar. 1948)
“Verbatim Record” in Continental Shelf Case (Tunisia/Libya), available at: www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/63/9543.pdf
“Verbatim Record” in Corfu Channel (United Kingdom v. Albania), ICJ Doc. 1949/1, available at: www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/1/10905.pdf
“Verbatim Record” in Military and Paramilitary Activities in and Against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. United States), available at: www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/70/9639.pdf
“Verbatim Record” in Military and Paramilitary Activities in and Against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. United States), available at: www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/70/9641.pdf
“Verbatim Record of the Hearing” in The Egyptian-Israel Arbitration Tribunal Established in Accordance with the Compromis Signed 11 September 1986 (14–25 Mar.; 11–15 Apr., 1986)
“Written Observations on the Declaration of Intervention” (10 Sept. 1984), available at: www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/70/9623.pdf
Agreement for a Mixed Commission To Determine the Amount To Be Paid by Germany in Satisfaction of Germany's Financial Obligations Under the Treaty Concluded Between the Two Governments on August 25, 1921, US-F.R.G., Aug. 10, 1922, 42 Stat. 2200 reprinted in Kiesselbach, W., Problems of the German-American Claims Commission, E. H. Zeydel (trans.) (Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1930), app. B, p. 132
Convention on the Law of the Sea, Dec. 10, 1982, 1833 UNTS 397
Declaration of the Government of the Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria concerning the Settlement of Claims by the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Article III(2)
Exec. Order No. 12170, 44 Fed. Reg. 65,279 (14 Nov. 1979)
GA Res. 1000, A/RES/394 (5 Nov. 1956)
Iranian Assets Control Regulations, 31 CFR pt. 535 (1979)
SC Res. 324, UN Doc. S/RES/324 (9 Apr. 1947)
“Special Agreement” in Corfu Channel (United Kingdom v. Albania), 1949 ICJ Pleadings 8 (25 Mar. 1948)
“Special Agreement” in Continental Shelf Case (Tunisia/Libya), 1982 ICJ Pleadings 3 (10 June 1977)
“Special Rules of March 20, 1929” in H. H. Martin, Final Report of H. H. Martin Acting Agent of the United States Before the Mixed Claims Commission United States and Germany (Washington, DC: Gov. Printing Office, 1941)
Treaty of Peace, US-FRG, 25 Aug. 1921, 42 Stat. 1939 reprinted in Kiesselbach, W., Problems of the German-American Claims Commission, app. A, p. 129
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