Experimental techniques that are used to estimate the fundamental magnetic parameters and magnetic properties of minerals are outlined in this chapter. Emphasis is placed on techniques that provide fundamental information rather than well-known bulk magnetometry methods. A single presentation of these approaches is lacking in a mineral magnetic context. Techniques described include those used to determine the crystal and magnetic structures of magnetic minerals and include X-ray, neutron, and electron diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray magnetic circular dichroism, X-ray microscopy, electron microscopy, Lorentz microscopy, and off-axis electron holography. Group theory and density functional theory are also described briefly. Techniques used to estimate fundamental magnetic constants, the saturation magnetization, exchange constant, and anisotropy constants are outlined. Finally, methods that enable assessment of magnetic domain state variations, low-temperature magnetic transitions, and Curie/Néel temperature estimation are outlined. This chapter is a ‘how-to’ guide that will assist researchers in progressing the field of mineral magnetism.