Contents
Introduction: The European Union and Customary International Law
Part IA View from the Outside: The European Union As a Subject of Customary International Law
1Applicability of Customary International Law to the European Union as a Sui Generis International Organization: An International Law Perspective
2Is the European Union a Sui Generis International Organization? The Challenge of Arguing for Special Treatment in Customary International Law
3The European Union’s Role in the Making and Confirmation of Customary International Law
Part IILooking in between: Synergies between Customary International Law and European Union Law
4Customary Law within the Internal Legal Sphere of the European Union: A Tale of Autonomy and Self-Containment
5The Identification of Customary International Law Before the Court of Justice of the European Union: A Flexible Consensualism
6Patterns of Avoidance and Assimilation: Peremptory Norms in European Union Law
Part IIIA View from the Inside: Customary International Law As a Source of European Union Law
7Customary International Law in the European Union Legal System: Reception, Rank, Application and Interpretation
8The Direct Effect of Customary International Law: The ‘Treaty Analogy’ and Its Limits
9Customary International Law in the European Union Legal System: The Substantive Rules Invoked and Applied by the Court of Justice of the European Union
10Customary International Law as a Source of European Union Law: The European Parliament, the Council and the Commission