Fluoroscopic evaluation of the bladder, urethra, and urinary diversions

doi:10.1017/CBO9780511736520.011

Chapter 10 - Fluoroscopic evaluation of the bladder, urethra, and urinary diversions

from Section 2 - GU Tract

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 February 2012

Marc S. Levine ,

Parvati Ramchandani and

Stephen E. Rubesin

Parvati Ramchandani

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Marc S. Levine: Affiliation:
University of Pennsylvania
Parvati Ramchandani: Affiliation:
University of Pennsylvania
Stephen E. Rubesin: Affiliation:
University of Pennsylvania

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Summary

Voiding cystourethrogram and cystogram

During a voiding cystourethrogram, both the bladder and the urethra are evaluated. The studies are ideally performed with real time fluoroscopic guidance. The term “cystogram” implies evaluation of the bladder alone, without the voiding phase of the examination.

Indications

Cystography and voiding cystourethrography are performed for the following indications:

Evaluation of the bladder and the male posterior urethra for leaks.
Evaluation for suspected fistulas involving the lower urinary tract.
Evaluation for vesicoureteral reflux in patients with recurrent or chronic urinary tract infections. Occasionally, evaluation for vesicoureteral reflux may be requested in patients receiving intravesical medications such as formalin for severe hemorrhagic cystitis; if vesicoureteral reflux is seen in such cases, intravesical instillation of medications may not be feasible.
Evaluation of patients with lower urinary symptoms such as difficulty in initiating voiding, incomplete voiding, incontinence, and post void dribbling.
Evaluation for suspected urethral diverticula, primarily in female patients.

Information

Type: Chapter
Information: Practical Fluoroscopy of the GI and GU Tracts , pp. 191 - 210

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511736520.011 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2012

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