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22 - Costs and benefits of nitrogen in the environment

from Part V - European nitrogen policies and future challenges

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 May 2011

By
Corjan Brink ,
Hans van Grinsven ,
Brian H. Jacobsen ,
Ari Rabl ,
Ing-Marie Gren ,
Mike Holland ,
Zbigniew Klimont ,
Kevin Hicks ,
Roy Brouwer  and
Roald Dickens
...Show all authors
Edited by
Mark A. Sutton ,
Clare M. Howard ,
Jan Willem Erisman ,
Gilles Billen ,
Albert Bleeker ,
Peringe Grennfelt ,
Hans van Grinsven  and
Bruna Grizzetti
Corjan Brink
Affiliation:
Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
Hans van Grinsven
Affiliation:
Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
Brian H. Jacobsen
Affiliation:
University of Copenhagen
Ari Rabl
Affiliation:
ARMINES/Ecoles des Mines de Paris
Ing-Marie Gren
Affiliation:
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Mike Holland
Affiliation:
University of Reading
Zbigniew Klimont
Affiliation:
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis
Kevin Hicks
Affiliation:
University of York
Roy Brouwer
Affiliation:
VU University Amsterdam
Roald Dickens
Affiliation:
Department for the Environment Food and Rural Affairs
Jaap Willems
Affiliation:
Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
Mette Termansen
Affiliation:
University of Aarhus
Gerard Velthof
Affiliation:
Wageningen University and Research Centre
Rob Alkemade
Affiliation:
Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
Mark van Oorschot
Affiliation:
Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
Jim Webb
Affiliation:
AEA Energy and Environment
Mark A. Sutton
Affiliation:
NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, UK
Clare M. Howard
Affiliation:
NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, UK
Jan Willem Erisman
Affiliation:
Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam
Gilles Billen
Affiliation:
CNRS and University of Paris VI
Albert Bleeker
Affiliation:
Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands
Peringe Grennfelt
Affiliation:
Swedish Environmental Research Institute (IVL)
Hans van Grinsven
Affiliation:
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency
Bruna Grizzetti
Affiliation:
European Commission Joint Research Centre
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Summary

Executive summary

Nature of the problem

  • Single issue policies have been an effective means of reducing reactive nitrogen (Nr) emissions in the EU, but to make further reductions more-integrated approaches are required.

Approaches

  • This chapter shows how cost–benefit analysis (CBA) can provide guidance for the setting of new policy priorities for the abatement of the European Nr emissions from an integrated perspective.

  • Data on costs and benefits of Nr-abatement, including four national and regional case studies, are reviewed and made comparable by expression in euro per kg of added Nr (agriculture) or euro per kg of reduced Nr emission (unit cost approach).

  • Social cost estimates are based on Willingness to Pay (WTP) for human life or health, for ecosystem services and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction.

Key findings

  • The total annual Nr-related damage in EU27 ranges between 70 and 320 billion Euro, equivalent to 150–750 euro/capita, of which about 75% is related to health damage and air pollution. This damage cost constitutes 1%–4% of the average European income.

  • Inferred social costs of health impacts from NOx are highest (10–30 euro per kg of pollutant-Nr emission). Health costs from secondary ammonium particles (2–20 euro/kg N), from GHG balance effects of N2O (5–15 euro/kg N), from ecosystem impacts via N-runoff (5–20 euro/kg N) and by N-deposition (2–10 euro/kg N) are intermediate. Costs of health impacts from NO3 in drinking water (0–4 euro/kg N) and by N2O via stratospheric ozone depletion (1–3 euro/kg N) are estimated to be low.

  • […]

Information

Type
Chapter
Information
The European Nitrogen Assessment
Sources, Effects and Policy Perspectives
 , pp. 513 - 540
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2011

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