Evolutionary and ecological correlates of population genetic structure in bats

doi:10.1017/CBO9781139045599.009

8 - Evolutionary and ecological correlates of population genetic structure in bats

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 June 2012

Kevin J. Olival

Edited by

Gregg F. Gunnell and

Nancy B. Simmons

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Gregg F. Gunnell: Affiliation:
Duke University, North Carolina
Nancy B. Simmons: Affiliation:
American Museum of Natural History, New York

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Summary

Introduction

Studies of intraspecific genetic structure are of central importance toevolutionary biology, as population differentiation can lead to distinctevolutionary trajectories and may be viewed as the first step in the process ofspeciation (Wright, 1932). The distribution of genetic variation amongpopulations is determined by a complex interaction of historical andcontemporary evolutionary forces – including genetic drift, mutation,selection and gene flow – which are influenced by the specific lifehistory, behavior and ecology of a species (Slatkin, 1987; Goodnight, 2006).Historical events such as vicariance, colonization events or glacial refugia canalso dramatically shape contemporary patterns of genetic subdivision. Gene flowis the primary force that leads to genetic homogeneity among populations, andspecies may be subject to geographic, behavioral or ecological barriers to geneflow. The task of teasing out the relative importance of different life-history,behavioral and ecological characteristics in determining genetic structure, eachtaking place across a range of temporal and spatial scales, continues tochallenge population geneticists (Hey and Machado, 2003; Estoup etal., 2004; Duminil et al., 2007).

Bats (order Chiroptera) which comprise nearly 1200 species, exhibit a wide rangeof life-history and ecological characteristics that make them an ideal group totest hypotheses regarding the correlates of population structure in animals(Nowak, 1999; Simmons, 2005). Being nocturnal and difficult to study bytraditional ecological methods (including direct observation, telemetry andcapture–mark–recapture), a growing number of studies have usedmolecular markers to examine the population biology of bats (Burland andWorthington-Wilmer, 2001). In general, population genetic studies of volantanimals are of particular interest because of their potential for long-distancedispersal and high levels of gene flow over terrestrial and oceaniclandscapes.

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Type: Chapter
Information: Evolutionary History of Bats
Fossils, Molecules and Morphology
, pp. 267 - 316

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139045599.009 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2012

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