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Chapter 21 - Sleep-related movement disorders

from Section IV - Movement disorders in general neurology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 April 2014

By
Birgit Frauscher  and
Cynthia L. Comella
Edited by
Werner Poewe  and
Joseph Jankovic
Birgit Frauscher
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
Cynthia L. Comella
Affiliation:
Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
Werner Poewe
Affiliation:
Medical University Innsbruck
Joseph Jankovic
Affiliation:
Baylor College of Medicine, Texas
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Summary

Introduction

Nocturnal sleep disturbances, excessive daytime sleepiness, sleep-related breathing disorders, and sleep-related movement disorders are major non-motor key features of many movement disorders. Most research has focussed on Parkinson’s disease, but there is also a substantial knowledge that has been generated for other movement disorders such as atypical Parkinson syndromes, dystonias, heredoataxias, and choreatic disorders. In addition to providing an understanding of the sleep disturbances associated with these disorders, there is increasing evidence that studies of sleep may provide a unique early window into neurodegenerative disorders. For example, research over the last decade demonstrated that REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) – a complex parasomnia characterized by dream enactment and loss of physiological REM atonia – is often the first non-motor symptom of a neurodegenerative disease. Up to 80 percent of patients initially diagnosed as idiopathic RBD will develop parkinsonism within a twenty-year observational period.

In this chapter we will provide an overview of specifically sleep-related movement disorders and start with movement disorders during sleep over motor phenomena in parasomnias to restless legs syndrome (RLS) which presents as a circadian sensorimotor movement disorder.

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Movement Disorders in Neurologic and Systemic Disease , pp. 314 - 332
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2014

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