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Antisaccade error rates and gap effects in psychosis syndromes from bipolar-schizophrenia network for intermediate phenotypes 2 (B-SNIP2)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 February 2021

Ling-Yu Huang Open the ORCID record for Ling-Yu Huang [Opens in a new window] ,
Brooke S. Jackson ,
Amanda L. Rodrigue ,
Carol A. Tamminga ,
Elliot S. Gershon ,
Godfrey D. Pearlson ,
Matcheri S. Keshavan ,
Sarah S. Keedy ,
S. Kristian Hill  and
John A. Sweeney
...Show all authors
Ling-Yu Huang
Affiliation:
Departments of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
Brooke S. Jackson
Affiliation:
Departments of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
Amanda L. Rodrigue
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Carol A. Tamminga
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
Elliot S. Gershon
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
Godfrey D. Pearlson
Affiliation:
The Institute of Living, Hartford, CT, USA
Matcheri S. Keshavan
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Sarah S. Keedy
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
S. Kristian Hill
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago, IL, USA
John A. Sweeney
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
Brett A. Clementz
Affiliation:
Departments of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
Jennifer E. McDowell*
Affiliation:
Departments of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Jennifer E. McDowell, E-mail: jemcd@uga.edu
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Abstract

Background

Antisaccade tasks can be used to index cognitive control processes, e.g. attention, behavioral inhibition, working memory, and goal maintenance in people with brain disorders. Though diagnoses of schizophrenia (SZ), schizoaffective (SAD), and bipolar I with psychosis (BDP) are typically considered to be distinct entities, previous work shows patterns of cognitive deficits differing in degree, rather than in kind, across these syndromes.

Methods

Large samples of individuals with psychotic disorders were recruited through the Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes 2 (B-SNIP2) study. Anti- and pro-saccade task performances were evaluated in 189 people with SZ, 185 people with SAD, 96 people with BDP, and 279 healthy comparison participants. Logistic functions were fitted to each group's antisaccade speed-performance tradeoff patterns.

Results

Psychosis groups had higher antisaccade error rates than the healthy group, with SZ and SAD participants committing 2 times as many errors, and BDP participants committing 1.5 times as many errors. Latencies on correctly performed antisaccade trials in SZ and SAD were longer than in healthy participants, although error trial latencies were preserved. Parameters of speed-performance tradeoff functions indicated that compared to the healthy group, SZ and SAD groups had optimal performance characterized by more errors, as well as less benefit from prolonged response latencies. Prosaccade metrics did not differ between groups.

Conclusions

With basic prosaccade mechanisms intact, the higher speed-performance tradeoff cost for antisaccade performance in psychosis cases indicates a deficit that is specific to the higher-order cognitive aspects of saccade generation.

Keywords

saccadespeed-accuracy tradeoffcognitive controlschizophreniabipolarschizoaffective
Type
Original Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 52 , Issue 13 , October 2022 , pp. 2692 - 2701
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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