Hostname: page-component-89b8bd64d-j4x9h Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2026-05-13T01:18:20.686Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Candidiasis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Charles W. Stratton  and
David W. Gregory
David W. Gregory
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, Metropolitan Nashville General Hospital, and , Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville, Tennessee
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Candida species were once largely regarded merely as causes of aggravating, but rarely life-threatening mucocutaneous infections such as thrush, vulvovaginitis, and intertrigo. Now, however, Candida species have assumed the role of major nosocomial pathogens. This change has paralleled the advent of aggressive cancer chemotherapy, the widespread use of parenteral nutrition, and the practice of advanced surgical techniques including cardiovascular procedures.

Candida is a heterogeneous genus presently grouped with the Fungi Imperfecti (Deuteromycetes). There are over 80 species of Candida; only seven, however, have been recovered from humans: Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida pseudotropicalis, Candida guilliermondi, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida stellatoidea. Approximately 90% the systemic Candida infections are due to C. albicans; most of the remaining infections are due to C. tropicalis. Candida species are normal commensals of humans. They are commonly found on the skin, in the gastrointestinal tract, sputum, the female genital tract, and urine from catheterized bladders. C. albicans is found only in human beings and in animal reservoirs. In other sites, such as hospital environments, Candida probably represents contamination by human excreta. Other Candida species may be cultured from soil and other environmental locations. Unlike Aspergillus species, Candida species are uncommon laboratory contaminants.

Information

Type
Topics in Clinical Microbiology
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 4 , Issue 3 , May/June 1983 , pp. 164 - 166
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America 1983

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

1.Silva-Hunter, M, Cooper, BH: Yeasts of medical importance, in Lennette, EH (ed): Manual of Clinical Microbiology, ed 3. Washington, American Society of Microbiology.Google Scholar
2.Klein, JJ, Watanakunakorn, C: Hospital-acquired fungemia, its natural course and clinical significance. Am J Med 1979; 67:51–57.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3.Paine, TF: The inhibitory actions of bacteria on Candida growth. Antibiol Chemother 1958; 8:273–281.Google ScholarPubMed
4.Knight, L, Fletcher, J: Growth of Candida albicans in saliva: stimulation by glucose associated with antibiotics, corticosteroids, and diabetes mellitus. J Infect Dis 1971; 123:371–377.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5.Hurley, DI, Balow, JR, Fauci, AS: Experimental disseminated candidiasis, II. Administration of glucocorticosteroids, suspectibility to infection and immunity. J Infect Dis 1975; 132:393–397.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6.Krause, W, Matheis, H, Wulf, K: Fungaemia and funguria after oral administration of Candida albicans. Lancet 1969; 1:598–599.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7.Stone, HH, Kolb, LD, Currie, CA, et al: Candida sepsis: pathogenesis and principles of treatment. Ann Surg 1974; 179:697–710.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Louria, DB, Stiff, DP, Bennett, B: Disseminated moniliasis in the adult. Medicine 1962; 41:307–337.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9.Torres-Rojas, J, Stratton, CW, Sanders, CV, et al: Candidal suppurative peripheral thrombophlebitis. Ann Intern Med 1982; 96:431–435.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10.Eras, P, Goldstein, MJ, Sherlock, P: Candida infection of the gastrointestinal tract. Medicine 1972; 51:367–379.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11.Meyers, BR, Lieberman, TW, Ferry, AP: Candida endophthalmitis complicating candidemia. Ann Intern Med 1973; 79:647–653.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12.Montgomerie, JZ, Edwards, JE: Association of infection due to Candida albicans with intravenous hyperalimentation. J Infect Dis 1978; 137:197–201.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13.Levin, DL, Zimmerman, AL, Ferder, LF, et al: Acute renal failure secondary to ureteral fungus ball obstruction in a patient with reversible deficient cell-mediated immunity. Clin Nephrol 1975; 4:202–210.Google Scholar
14.Lehner, T, Lond, MB: Systemic candidiasis and renal involvement. Lancet 1964; 1:1414–1416.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15.Bayer, AS, Blumenkrantz, MJ, Montgomerie, JZ, et al: Candida peritonitis. Am J Med 1976; 61:832–840.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16.Andriole, VT, Kravetz, HM, Roberts, WC, et al: Candida endocarditis. Ami Med 1962; 32:251–285.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17.Eng, RHK, Sen, P, Browne, K, et al: Candida pericarditis. Am J Med 1981; 70:867–869.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18.Edwards, JR, Turkei, SB, Elder, HA, et al: Hematogenous Candida osteomyelitis, report of three cases and review of the literature. Am J Med 1975; 59:89–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
19.Bayer, AS, Edwards, JR, Seidel, JS, et al: Candida meningitis. Medicine 1976; 55:477–486.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20.Haley, LD: Yeast infections of the lower urinary tract. 1. In vitro studies of the tissue phase of Candida albicans. Sabouraudia 1965; 4:98–105.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
21.Kozinn, PG, Taschdjian, CL, Goldberg, PK, et al: Advances in the diagnosis of renal candidiasis. J Urol 1977; 119:184–187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22.Goldstein, E, Hoeprich, PD: Problems in the diagnosis and treatment of systemic candidiasis. J Infect Dis 1972; 125:190–193.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
23.Roberts, GD, Washington, JA: Detection of fungi in blood cultures. J Clin Microbiol 1975; 1:309–310.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24.Edwards, JE, Lehrer, RI, Stiehm, ER, et al: Severe candidal infections. Ann Intern Med 1978; 89:91–106.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
25.Weiner, MH, Stephen, MC: Immunodiagnosis of systemic candidiasis: Mannan antigenemia detected by radioimmunoassay in experimental and human infections. J Infect Dis 1979; 140:989–993.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
26.Kressel, B, Szewczyk, C, Tuazon, C: Early clinical recognition of disseminated candidiasis by muscle and skin biopsy. Arch Intern Med 1978; 138:429–433.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
27.Schimpff, SC, Greene, WH, Young, VM, et al: Infection prevention in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: Laminar air flow room reverse isolation with oral nonabsorbable antibiotic prophylaxis. Ann Intern Med 1975; 82:351–358.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
28.Meunier-Carpenter, F, Snoeck, R, Klastersky, J: Oral antifungal prophylaxis in neutropenic cancer patients. Twenty-Second Inter-science Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, October, 1982, Abstract No. 10.Google Scholar