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3 results

  • Chapter 2 - Egypt

  • Edited by Andrew Bednarski, University of Cambridge, Aidan Dodson, University of Bristol, Salima Ikram, American University in Cairo
  • Book:
    A History of World Egyptology
    Published online:
    01 June 2021
    Print publication:
    27 May 2021, pp 25-67

  • Summary

    Writing a history of Egyptology ‘in Egypt’ is a daunting task as it involves describing the multiple histories of all the many nationalities, ethnicities and modes of government that operated within the framework of the Egyptian state, particularly from the time of the viceroy Mehmet Ali until the revolution of 1952. Politics and personalities, too, helped shape the discipline, though there are considerable lacunae in our knowledge of how the latter in particular affected the development of Egyptian Egyptology. Thus, the story of Egyptology in Egypt was actually written not only by Egyptians, but also by Turks, Armenians, French, Germans, British and Italians, as well as other nationalities, all of which worked for the different versions of the Antiquities Service and constituted the cosmopolitan population of Egypt. These various groups also responded to the antiquities in myriad ways, consciously or not, thus contributing to the different attitudes to the role that ancient Egypt played in their lives and Egyptian popular culture, sometimes influenced by Islamic attitudes to the pagan waqt al-jahilaya (time of ignorance), when anything prior to monotheism was not of interest.

  • Incidence and Pathogen Distribution of Healthcare-Associated Infections in Pilot Hospitals in Egypt

  • Isaac See, Fernanda C. Lessa, Omar Abo ElAta, Soad Hafez, Karim Samy, Amani El-Kholy, Mervat Gaber El Anani, Ghada Ismail, Amr Kandeel, Ramy Galal, Katherine Ellingson, Maha Talaat
  • Journal:
    Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 34 / Issue 12 / December 2013
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    02 January 2015, pp. 1281-1288
    Print publication:
    December 2013
  • Objective.

    To report type and rates of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) as well as pathogen distribution and antimicrobial resistance patterns from a pilot HAI surveillance system in Egypt.

    Methods.

    Prospective surveillance was conducted from April 2011 through March 2012 in 46 intensive care units (ICUs) in Egypt. Definitions were adapted from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Healthcare Safety Network. Trained healthcare workers identified HAIs and recorded data on clinical symptoms and up to 4 pathogens. A convenience sample of clinical isolates was tested for antimicrobial resistance at a central reference laboratory. Multidrug resistance was defined by international consensus criteria.

    Results.

    ICUs from 11 hospitals collected 90,515 patient-days of surveillance data. Of 472 HAIs identified, 47% were pneumonia, 22% were bloodstream infections, and 15% were urinary tract infections; case fatality among HAI case patients was 43%. The highest rate of device-associated infections was reported for ventilator-associated pneumonia (pooled mean rate, 7.47 cases per 1,000 ventilator-days). The most common pathogens reported were Acinetobacter species (21.8%) and Klebsiella species (18.4%). All Acinetobacter isolates tested (31/31) were multidrug resistant, and 71% (17/24) of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were extended-spectrum β-lactamase producers.

    Conclusions.

    Infection control priorities in Egypt should include preventing pneumonia and preventing infections due to antimicrobial-resistant pathogens.