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Reducing inequalities in preconception health and care is critical to improving the health and life chances of current and future generations. A hybrid workshop was held at the 2023 UK Preconception Early and Mid-Career Researchers (EMCR) Network conference to co-develop recommendations on ways to address inequalities in preconception health and care. The workshop engaged multi-disciplinary professionals across diverse career stages and people with lived experience (total n = 69). Interactive discussions explored barriers to achieving optimal preconception health, driving influences of inequalities and recommendations. The Socio-Ecological Model framed the identified themes, with recommendations structured at interpersonal (e.g. community engagement), institutional (e.g. integration of preconception care within existing services) and environmental/societal levels (e.g. education in schools). The co-developed recommendations provide a framework for addressing inequalities in preconception health, emphasising the importance of a whole-systems approach. Further research and evidence-based interventions are now needed to advance the advocacy and implementation of our recommendations.
Montesquieu’s book inheritance and collection. Registers of fragments and thoughts for future elaboration: the Spicilège and Mes pensées. Book on the rise and fall of the Roman empire (1734). Shorter writings on heads of state and universal monarchy.
Paris and Bordeaux. Long and largely secret elaboration of political principles incorporated in The Spirit of Law (1748) and process of its publication in Geneva.
Social and cultural interests leading to project for extensive travel, first in central Europe and then extended stay in England. Initiation to art and recording of travels and observations of both art and architecture; also commentary on various political systems. Particular interest in theatre, opera, and the English Constitution. English exceptionalism.
Accession to full title of Baron de Montesquieu. The Bordeaux parlement. Negotiations for his marriage with Jeanne de Lartigue. The inherited position of président à mortier. Observance of legal matters and study of Romans and of the sciences. His secret composition and anonymous publication of Persian Letters (1721). The subject matter and the fame of this book.
Publication in Geneva of The Spirit of Law (1748); its distribution and reactions from religious (particularly Jesuit and Jansensist milieux) and governmental sources. Defense of The Spirit of Law. The struggle to avoid condemnation in Paris and Rome. Rereading of Persian Letters and The Spirit of Law in the early 1750s. Project of publication of complete works.
The years spent in Paris spanning the death of Louis XIV and the Regency of Philippe d’Orléans. Montesquieu’s social contacts and literary interests. Sale of his office and unexpected departure from parlement in 1726. Consolidation of his fortune and social position.
Birth (1689) Childhood of Montesquieu at La Brède; his education by the Oratorians in Juilly, when he went by the name of La Brède or Labrède; and what the documents show about his life there through 1705, his developing interests and literary inclinations.
Three years of legal studies and other experiences in Bordeaux and then Paris under the name of Secondat de Montesquieu, in Louis XIV’s twilight years. His pursuit of intellectual interests: literature, theatre, Asia; the kindling of a new spirit.
Since the last biography of Montesquieu in English (Shackleton, Oxford, 1961) Montesquieu scholarship has been entirely renewed, culminating in a critical edition of his complete works in twenty-two volumes that is nearing completion. Since 1998, this new edition of the complete works has considerably modified what was known about Montesquieu and his procedures, eliciting new translations and further studies. Additionally, several thousand manuscript pages were made public in 1994 and continue to generate further scholarly inquiry. The author of this compact biography, originally published by Gallimard 2017, is the director of the critical edition of the works and the most qualified scholar of Montesquieu. At once an introduction to Montesquieu's thought and a synthesis of current knowledge about his life and work, this book is full of insights and revised judgements about Montesquieu and how his political philosophy helped thrust Enlightenment onto the European agenda.