36 results
1 - Fernão Lopes: The Father of Portuguese Historiography
- Edited by Amélia P. Hutchinson, University of Georgia, Teresa Amado, Juliet Perkins, King's College London, Philip Krummrich, Morehead State University, Kentucky
- Translated by Clive Willis, Iona McCleery, Francisco Fernandes, Shirley Clarke
- Introduction by Christopher Given-Wilson, Nicholas G. Round, David Green
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- Book:
- The Chronicles of Fernão Lopes
- Published by:
- Boydell & Brewer
- Published online:
- 28 December 2023
- Print publication:
- 20 June 2023, pp 3-10
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Summary
It would be hard to name a European chronicler whose work has a more pressing claim to dissemination to a wider audience than Fernão Lopes. The surviving chronicles, which were unquestionably authored by this ‘father of Portuguese historiography’ (or even, it has been said, of Portuguese prose), cover more than half a century (1357–1411) and amount to over half a million words, although it is unlikely that they represent his total output. A self-proclaimed pioneer in the use of archival documents to present historical truth, he also thought deeply about the construction and purposes of history.
Although little of his early life can be verified, Lopes must have been born around 1380, probably in Lisbon, of relatively humble stock. Trained as a notary, he rose high in the service of the new Portuguese royal dynasty of Avis, acting as librarian to the heir to the throne, Prince Duarte, before being appointed in 1418 by King João I (1385–1433) as keeper of the royal archives in the Torre do Tombo (Archive Tower) in the keep of Lisbon castle. It was here, 40 years earlier, that King Fernando I (1367–1383) had established a repository for the mass of documentary material that underpinned Portuguese royal government. The next two decades saw the responsibilities entrusted to Lopes steadily expand. Continuing to act as the king's ‘notary general’, he was also private secretary to one of João's sons, Prince Fernando, with whom he established a close personal relationship. When João died in August 1433, Lopes became secretary to King Duarte I (1433–1438), who on 19 March 1434 commissioned him to ‘set down in a chronicle the histories of the kings who had previously reigned in Portugal, up to and including the great and noble deeds of my most able and virtuous father [João]’; in return, he was granted an annual salary of 14,000 reais. This great task would occupy him for the rest of his working life, until 1454, when, ‘being so old and feeble that he is no longer equal to the task’, he was replaced by Gomes Eanes de Zurara.
3 - The Funeral of Henry V
- Edited by Anne Curry, University of Southampton, Susan Jenkins
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- Book:
- The Funeral Achievements of Henry V at Westminster Abbey
- Published by:
- Boydell & Brewer
- Published online:
- 11 January 2023
- Print publication:
- 20 September 2022, pp 32-43
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Summary
King Henry V of England died at the Chateau de Vincennes, to the east of Paris, ‘between the second and third hour after midnight’ on 31 August 1422, two weeks short of his thirty-sixth birthday. Exactly 575 years later, not just to the day but almost to the minute, at around 3 a.m. on 31 August 1997, Diana, Princess of Wales also died in Paris, aged thirty-six years and two months. The uncanny symmetry of these two famous royal tragedies is matched by the reactions of contemporaries. If we seek to understand the mood in England at the news of Henry’s death, it is the outpouring of national grief at Diana’s funeral that comes to mind. In her case, this was compounded by shock at the suddenness and violence of her death. Henry, in contrast, had been ill for several months with a chronic intestinal condition, and his death was not unexpected. Yet there was no hiding the grief, one measure of which is the fact that there are more, and more detailed, contemporary and near-contemporary accounts of his funeral than of any previous English king.
At the time of his death, Henry was not only king of England but also regent of France and heir apparent to the French throne, and understandably some Frenchmen wanted him to be buried in Paris. However, the instructions he had left in his will were unambiguous: he was to be buried in Westminster Abbey ‘among the tombs of the kings, in the place which now contains the relics of the saints’ – that is, the shrine of Edward the Confessor, where Henry III, Edward I, Edward III and Richard II were buried. Thus only his heart and entrails remained in France, for the first step after his death was to eviscerate and embalm the royal corpse in order to delay putrefaction, following which the viscera were boiled and taken to St-Maur-des-Fosses, also in the eastern suburbs of Paris, where they were buried in the abbey church. Meanwhile, the embalmed corpse was wrapped in a cerecloth (cloth impregnated with wax, commonly used for wrapping the dead) and placed in a wooden coffin shrouded in lead and filled with aromatic spices, on top of which was placed a life-size effigy of Henry referred to in some accounts as the curbyl, since it was made of boiled leather (cuir bouillé).
The King’s Confessors and the Royal Conscience in Late Medieval England
- Edited by James Bothwell, J. S. Hamilton
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- Book:
- Fourteenth Century England XII
- Published by:
- Boydell & Brewer
- Published online:
- 11 January 2023
- Print publication:
- 14 June 2022, pp 1-28
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Summary
By the time John de Warenne, eighth earl of Surrey in a line stretching back to the eleventh century, died on 29 June 1347, the inheritance of his great estates had been under discussion for over twenty years. With no legitimate heirs of his body, long estranged from his wife, his hopes of extending his lineage rested upon King Edward III accepting as his heir one of his bastards, who might then be legitimized. By the spring of 1346, when he was in his sixtieth year and a sick man, he had eventually persuaded the king to do this, although not without consenting to a deal whereby most of the lands were likely before long to pass to the crown. To the earl of Arundel, however, who was Warenne’s nephew and collateral heir, this was anathema, since it dashed his expectation of succeeding to an inheritance which would almost double his landed income. On 7 July 1346, therefore, as Warenne lay on his sickbed and Edward III’s fleet lay at anchor off Yarmouth (Isle of Wight) preparing to invade France, Arundel approached the king to protest at his ‘disherison’. For the moment, Edward prevaricated, but on 20 November he drew up an instrument in which, after reciting his earlier grant, he announced that now, ‘having revolved the aforesaid matters in the court of our conscience (in foro nostre conscientie premissis revolutis)’, he had changed his mind and reinstated Arundel as the heir. The internal scrutiny which elicited this decision was evidently a point that required emphasis, for three weeks later, when he confirmed his decision, he twice reiterated that the exclusion of Arundel from his inheritance would have done ‘violence to the king’s good faith and conscience’. Thus it was that when Warenne died six months later, Arundel duly succeeded to his lands in Surrey, Sussex and the March of Wales.
Needless to say, it was not as simple as that. If the prick of conscience was how Edward chose to present his decision, he added that it was also ‘in consideration of the service of the petitioner [Arundel] in the war of France’ – especially, presumably, Arundel’s presence at the battle of Crécy on 26 August, where he commanded a division. Moreover, there was a price to pay, for in return Arundel agreed to the detachment of around a quarter of the Warenne inheritance, most of which later contributed to an apanage for Edward’s fourth son, Edmund of Langley.
11 - Edward, the Black Prince, and Bertrand du Guesclin, Constable of France: Chivalry and Rivalry in Life and Death
- Edited by Jessica A. Lutkin, J. S. Hamilton
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- Book:
- Creativity, Contradictions and Commemoration in the Reign of Richard II
- Published by:
- Boydell & Brewer
- Published online:
- 26 May 2022
- Print publication:
- 11 March 2022, pp 221-234
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Summary
During the first two phases of the Hundred Years War, between the 1330s and the 1380s, two men above all personified the chivalric culture with which the nobility of that age identified: Edward, prince of Wales, the victor of the battles of Poitiers (1356) and Nájera (1367), and Bertrand du Guesclin, the spearhead of France's recovery in the 1370s. Their origins could hardly have been more different. The Black Prince had greatness thrust upon him from the moment of his birth in 1330; du Guesclin, some ten years older, was the son of a minor nobleman from north-eastern Brittany and made his name as the captain of one of the many bands of routiers who terrorised the duchy during the Breton civil war of the 1340s and 1350s. This chapter examines the making of these two legends, and in particular the element of rivalry that helped to drive it. Evidence for this rivalry comes from their relationship in life, their posthumous biographies, and their funeral ceremonies.
In considering their personal relationship, it needs to be remembered that their military careers only partly overlapped. The Black Prince's active career spanned the quarter-century from 1346, when he fought at Crécy, to 1371, when he returned to England, too sick to go on ruling his principality of Guyenne. Du Guesclin was also militarily active during the 1340s, but he only came to national prominence following the siege of Rennes in 1357, and what he is chiefly remembered for is what he achieved as constable of France between 1370 and 1380.
The first time the two men are known to have met was in 1365, when du Guesclin was planning to lead the Great Company out of France into Spain. Ostensibly, this was in order to crusade against the Moors in Granada, but his true objectives were rather different: first, to rid France of the troublesome routiers (the poacher now doubling as gamekeeper), and secondly to help Enrique of Trastámara, the bastard half-brother of King Pedro of Castile, to seize the throne and break off the Anglo-Castilian alliance. Thus Pope Urban V, based at Avignon, and King Charles V of France both supported the enterprise.
Royal Wills, 1376–1475
- Edited by Linda Clark
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- Book:
- The Fifteenth Century XVII
- Published by:
- Boydell & Brewer
- Published online:
- 19 August 2020
- Print publication:
- 20 March 2020, pp 1-16
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Summary
Before the late fourteenth century, the history of the English royal will (or testament) is patchy. The first that is known to survive is that of King Alfred, in the 880s, followed by that of his grandson, Eadred, around 955. After that there is a gap of over two hundred years. Although chroniclers report the deathbed wishes of kings such as William the Conqueror and Henry I, the first post-Conquest king the text of whose will survives is Henry II, drawn up in 1182. Those of King John, Henry III and Edward I also survive, although Henry III's was made as early as 1253 and probably superseded, while Edward I's was dated 1272, before he became king, and certainly superseded; in neither case, however, has a later will survived. The only one of these which is the original document is that of John, in the archives of Worcester cathedral, where he was buried. Edward II apparently died intestate, so that after 1272 there is a further gap of over a century before the next surviving royal will, that of Edward III.
The focus of these twelfth-and thirteenth-century royal wills (as of other contemporary wills) was religious, charitable and familial. Some included cash bequests of hundreds or thousands of marks to religious orders or named religious houses; all specified that money should be made available for the defence of the Holy Land and that alms be distributed to the poor and needy;3 King John and Henry III specified their place of burial (Worcester and Westminster respectively); provision might also be made for the queen, and for the king's children until they came of age; Henry III bequeathed two precious crucifixes and two sets of vestments for his chapel, one to Westminster Abbey, the other to his eldest son; he also asked that his debts be paid, while Edward I deputed his executors to hear his outstanding accounts, probably with the same object in view. In every case, much was left to the discretion of the king's executors, in whom great trust was placed.
The fact that the Church was almost invariably the main beneficiary meant that the making of wills was strongly encouraged by churchmen. By around 1200, it was also generally accepted that it was in church courts that probate was granted and testamentary disputes heard.
Preface
- Edited by David Green, Chris Given-Wilson
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- Book:
- Fourteenth Century England XI
- Published by:
- Boydell & Brewer
- Published online:
- 14 September 2019
- Print publication:
- 21 September 2019, pp xi-xii
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Summary
The essays in this volume of Fourteenth Century England engage with many of the themes and subjects which make the period so attractive to scholars and the wider public alike. The authors reflect on issues of kingship and changing theories of power at a number of levels; they tackle questions concerning loyalty and rebellion; examine the role of law, both domestic and international; give consideration to the nature of memory – legal, historical and fabricated; and they address the relationship between the Plantagenets and the rulers of those nations and territories over which England claimed dominion.
In so doing, the essays draw on a vibrant array of new scholarship, some of which was published in earlier volumes of FCE, that is transforming our understanding of and approach to the later Middle Ages. They also take advantage of sources which are now much easier to access and which can be interrogated in new ways. The digital revolution has shaped the direction of a good deal of recent research both in terms of international collaborations and what individual scholars may study and how they conduct their studies. The establishment of major databases and digitized source collections has been a key feature of this process. In addition to opening new avenues of enquiry such resources have also prompted a return to more familiar subjects by allowing investigations to be carried out in wholly new ways. Prosopographical work using such materials and employing data analysis software in order to explore the relationships between members of various groups is only one example of this.
As with earlier volumes in this series, several contributions to this collection originated in papers sponsored by the Society for Fourteenth Century Studies at the International Medieval Congress (University of Leeds) and the Society of the White Hart at the International Conference on Medieval Studies (University of Western Michigan). Over many years, these meetings have helped shape broader scholarly agendas as well as individual research projects while maintaining a tradition of friendly collegiality. They have ensured that the fourteenth century, a period of intense and often brutal change, is a very welcoming one to study.
List of Illustrations
- Edited by David Green, Chris Given-Wilson
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- Book:
- Fourteenth Century England XI
- Published by:
- Boydell & Brewer
- Published online:
- 14 September 2019
- Print publication:
- 21 September 2019, pp vii-viii
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List of Contributors
- Edited by David Green, Chris Given-Wilson
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- Fourteenth Century England XI
- Published by:
- Boydell & Brewer
- Published online:
- 14 September 2019
- Print publication:
- 21 September 2019, pp ix-x
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Abbreviations
- Edited by David Green, Chris Given-Wilson
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- Book:
- Fourteenth Century England XI
- Published by:
- Boydell & Brewer
- Published online:
- 14 September 2019
- Print publication:
- 21 September 2019, pp xiii-xiv
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FOURTEENTH CENTURY ENGLAND ISSN 1471–3020
- Edited by David Green, Chris Given-Wilson
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- Fourteenth Century England XI
- Published by:
- Boydell & Brewer
- Published online:
- 14 September 2019
- Print publication:
- 21 September 2019, pp 183-186
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Frontmatter
- Edited by David Green, Chris Given-Wilson
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- Book:
- Fourteenth Century England XI
- Published by:
- Boydell & Brewer
- Published online:
- 14 September 2019
- Print publication:
- 21 September 2019, pp i-iv
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Contents
- Edited by David Green, Chris Given-Wilson
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- Fourteenth Century England XI
- Published by:
- Boydell & Brewer
- Published online:
- 14 September 2019
- Print publication:
- 21 September 2019, pp v-vi
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Fourteenth Century England XI
- Volume 14
- Edited by David Green, Chris Given-Wilson
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- Published by:
- Boydell & Brewer
- Published online:
- 14 September 2019
- Print publication:
- 21 September 2019
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The fruits of new research on the politics, society and culture of England in the fourteenth century.
Chapter 38 - Rank and Social Orders
- from Part V - Political and Social Contexts
- Edited by Ian Johnson, University of St Andrews, Scotland
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- Book:
- Geoffrey Chaucer in Context
- Published online:
- 24 June 2019
- Print publication:
- 11 July 2019, pp 324-330
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Summary
The population of England declined by around fifty percent during Chaucer’s lifetime, mainly as a result of plague. Apart from much grief, this also created dislocation, opportunity, growing social mobility and rising expectations, which were vigorously resisted by the rich and powerful. Social awareness increased, and with it social stratification, not only among the aristocracy, with the emergence of new ranks such as marquis and viscount and a closely defined peerage, but also among the middling and poorer ranks of society. Terms such as ‘gentleman’ and ‘yeoman’ became common as social signifiers of those who were inferior to the knights and esquires who made up the gentry, but superior to the mass of the peasantry. Such demarcation lines were never absolute, but they were not crossed unobtrusively. This social awareness is reflected in the Canterbury Tales. Some of the individual pen-portraits of the pilgrims in the General Prologue appear to present aspirations rather than reality, yet behind this lies an unmistakable echo of the social fluidity of the age, a topped-and-tailed cross-section of a society in transition.
Edward II: his last months and monument. By Jill Barlow, Richard Bryant, Carolyn Heighway, Chris Jeens and David Smith. 260mm. Pp xvi + 148, many ills (some col), facsimiles, maps, plans. Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society and Past Historic, Kings Stanley, 2015. isbn 9780900197895. £30 + postage (hbk).
- Chris Given-Wilson
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- Journal:
- The Antiquaries Journal / Volume 96 / September 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 11 August 2016, pp. 466-467
- Print publication:
- September 2016
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4 - Bureaucracy without Alphabetic Writing: Governing the Inca Empire, c.1438–1532
- from Part II - Empires and Bureaucracy in World-Historical Perspective
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- By Chris Given-Wilson, University of St Andrews
- Edited by Peter Crooks, Trinity College, Dublin, Timothy H. Parsons, Washington University, St Louis
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- Book:
- Empires and Bureaucracy in World History
- Published online:
- 05 August 2016
- Print publication:
- 03 August 2016, pp 81-101
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Summary
Among the key inventions of premodern Old World societies were the wheel, the arch and an alphabetic system of writing. All three were unknown to the Incas. It might be thought that the lack of an alphabetic writing system would prove a significant handicap to them in governing their vast empire, but any such assumption depends upon a number of factors. What, for example, were the alternatives available to them? And how far did the needs or aspirations of their imperial administration extend – or, to put it another way, how intensively did the Incas wish or attempt to govern their empire? It is easy to assume that imperial regimes aimed for the maximum achievable degree of control over the peoples whom they conquered, leading (so the argument goes) to the maximum achievable extraction of tribute and exploitation of labour and other resources. Doubtless some empires did, but the balance turned on the fact that any such aim was likely to require a higher level of investment not only in bureaucracy but also in military repression and peripheral security. The Incas, as will be seen, were prepared to settle for rather less than this, and the bureaucratic tools which they used reflected this.
Tahuantinsuyu
Before discussing these bureaucratic tools, something needs to be said about the empire which the Incas ruled. Known to its people as Tahuantinsuyu – literally, the ‘land of four parts’ – the Inca empire (not untypically) underwent a rapid phase of initial expansion but never achieved territorial stability before collapsing in the 1530s following the arrival of Francisco Pizarro (d. 1541) and a few hundred Spanish conquistadors. In the 1430s, a century before Pizarro's arrival, the Incas were just one of a multitude of small ethnic groups competing for power and resources in the Central Andes. The catalyst for expansion was apparently a routine war between them and their neighbours, the Chancas, from which the Sapa Inca or ‘emperor’, Pachacuti (c.1438–71), emerged victorious. Building upon this success, within fifty years he and his son Topa Inca (c.1471–93) had brought under their control the most extensive empire hitherto created in the Americas (Map. 4.1).
4 - Chivalric Biography and Medieval Life-Writing
- Edited by Steven Boardman, University of Edinburgh, Susan Foran
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- Book:
- Barbour's <i>Bruce<i> and its Cultural Contexts
- Published by:
- Boydell & Brewer
- Published online:
- 02 March 2024
- Print publication:
- 17 September 2015, pp 101-118
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Summary
Biography, as has often been pointed out, has moved progressively over the centuries from the outward to the inward, from the persona to the personality. Central to this progression is the analysis of motivation, a question which medieval life-writing rarely addressed explicitly. Yet this failure on the part of medieval biographers was only partly due to a lack of models to emulate. Classical biography, as represented by its best exponents such as Plutarch and Suetonius, at times portrayed its subjects as capable of independent agency. Characters had moral choices to make, and it was through the choices they made that their fates were determined. Equally to the point, they had real characters. It is worth remembering, for example, Plutarch’s comment, early in his life of Alexander the Great, about the difference between history and biography:
It must be borne in mind that my design is not to write histories, but lives. And the most glorious exploits do not always furnish us with the clearest discoveries of virtue or vice in men; sometimes a matter of less moment, an expression or a jest, informs us better of their characters and inclinations, than the most famous sieges, the greatest armaments, or the bloodiest battles whatsoever. Therefore as portrait-painters are more exact in the lines and features of the face, in which the character is seen, than in the other parts of the body, so I must be allowed to give my more particular attention to the marks and indications of the souls of men, and while I endeavour by these to portray their lives, may be free to leave more weighty matters and great battles to be treated of by others.
In fact, Plutarch did not always draw as clear a distinction between history and biography as this implies, but there is no doubt that he was deeply interested in human nature, and was always keen to bring out ‘the moral pattern in his hero’s career, the movement from virtue to vice or the contrary’. His subjects, in other words, were dynamic. They developed with the plot, with the progression of their lives and fortunes. Yet Plutarch’s Parallel Lives were little known in medieval Europe until their translation from Greek in fourteenth-century Italy.
Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- Book:
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Preface
- Edited by Christopher Given-Wilson, University of St Andrews, Scotland
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- Book:
- Fourteenth Century England VI
- Published by:
- Boydell & Brewer
- Published online:
- 02 March 2023
- Print publication:
- 15 April 2010, pp ix-x
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Summary
A decade has passed since the publication of volume one of Fourteenth Century England. The editor of that first volume, Nigel Saul, stated at the time that during the preceding few decades, the fourteenth century had suffered a degree of neglect by comparison with both the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries, each of which already boasted their own (usually biennial) journals. That we have now reached volume six in this series is in itself testimony to the remedying of that deficiency, but even more striking evidence is the number and quality of the contributions which continue to be submitted to the editors for inclusion: without the drip-feed of a regular, dedicated conference to call upon, this is quite impressive. It certainly suggests that research into fourteenth-century England is alive and well at universities and other centres of research, whether in Britain, the USA or elsewhere.
The original editorial team of Nigel Saul, Mark Ormrod and Chris Given-Wilson remains unchanged, with the addition four years ago of Jeff Hamilton. So do the aims of the journal: we are interested in publishing high-quality research into any aspect of English history during the ‘long’ fourteenth century. As noted above, we do not rely on the proceedings of a specific conference, although many of the papers which appear in Fourteenth Century England began their lives as papers delivered at either the Leeds IMC (at which the editors organise a number of sessions each year) or the Kalamazoo ICMS (where the Society of the White Hart organises similar sessions). We make no attempt to ‘theme’ volumes, preferring to present whatever is good in current research into the period, acting thereby as a channel for the dissemination of ideas, trends and debates.
This eclecticism is reflected in the current volume. Several of the articles discuss aspects of warfare (a topic hard to avoid in the fourteenth century). Graham St John examines the relationship between personal devotion on campaign and the appalling destruction which so often seemed to accompany it; Rory Cox analyses the writings of two major fourteenth-century theorists, John of Legnano and John Wyclif, on the right of self-defence; Adrian Bell takes the earl of Arundel's naval campaign of 1387 as a case study in the relative merits of narrative and documentary sources; and David Green investigates the evidence for that elusive but important phenomenon, the growth of national identity in England and France.
Contents
- Edited by Chris Given-Wilson, Ann Kettle, Len Scales
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- Book:
- War, Government and Aristocracy in the British Isles, c.1150–1500
- Published by:
- Boydell & Brewer
- Published online:
- 12 September 2012
- Print publication:
- 19 June 2008, pp v-vi
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