Innominate vein redirection to the pulmonary venous atrium has been used in single ventricle patients in order to relieve lymphatic complications resulting from systemic venous hypertension. This has been achieved both surgically, known as the Hraska procedure and via transcatheter approach, known as the Rome procedure. Determining the pathway from the innominate vein to the pulmonary venous atrium is challenging with important intra- and extra-cardiac structures close-by. We present two cases; one surgical and one transcatheter approach, where 3D-printed cardiac models were used to assist in the pre-procedural planning of this relatively novel and challenging strategy.

The expansion of claims of extended territorial and extraterritorial criminal legislative jurisdiction and the increasing facility with which States are able to obtain custody over defendants by way of more effective extradition arrangements is leading to a new problem in transnational criminal law. The result of these developments is that more than one State may have legitimate jurisdiction to legislate for the same conduct and the courts of more than one State may be entitled to exercise judicial jurisdiction over those persons charged with crimes arising from that conduct. For prosecutors, the problem may present itself as one of prosecutorial efficiency—how may the case be proceeded with expeditiously, in particular, in which jurisdiction is a conviction most likely to be secured? Considerations such as the availability of witnesses or the admissibility of evidence may influence the prospects of conviction and prospective punishments may be a factor when deciding in which system prosecutors prefer the case to go ahead. Defendants have different perspectives. In many cases involving extradition to face a charge based on an exercise of extended jurisdiction, the defendant will be removed from the place where he lives and works to another State. There may be adverse consequences for him compared to facing a trial where he is usually located. Criminal proceedings abroad will be in an unfamiliar legal system; bail may be harder to obtain because of a perceived greater danger of flight; the impossibility to continue working during the period in which the trial is being prepared may impose financial hardship; defendants will be removed from their families and social networks for considerable periods.

‘A beacon of excellence in healthcare design’… ‘a symbol of civic pride in our community’ … ‘a “state of the art” building’ … ‘a building which could be magnificently innovative and visionary in its time, location and conception’. These phrases, taken from the ‘Aspirational Statement’ that introduces the competition brief, should have left no one in any doubt that the clients for the proposed new integrated care centre in Kentish Town were looking for something new and different. With hindsight, it is easy to see why Allford Hall Monaghan Morris's (AHMM) unusual design [1a–c] won the competition.

Jerusalem, the Holy Sepulchre and the liturgy of the Resurrection appear to be the origin of everything.’ Carol Heitz was emphatic about the significance of the Jerusalem ideal in shaping the liturgy and architecture of the Carolingian period. The question of how far this interest in Jerusalem lies behind the origin of the crusades has for a long time been the subject of discussion among historians. Their productivity on the subject has inevitably been increased by the occurrence of the ninth centenary of the preaching of the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont in 1095. It is agreed by almost all that there was a devotion to Jerusalem in Western Europe in the preceding centuries, but there are profoundly different views about its effect on the decision of Urban II to proclaim the crusade and on the response to his preaching. This paper does not attempt to add to this voluminous debate. It is concerned rather to explore the reasons for the reverence for the Holy Land, the forms which it took, and the changes which took place from the Carolingian period to the beginning of the crusade movement.

The relative abilities of the multilayer perceptron, radial basis function, asymmetric radial basis function and learning vector quantization artificial neural networks (ANNs) and two non-neural methods to identify fungal spores were compared. ANNs were trained on morphometric data from spores of Pestalotiopsis spp. and a few species in the related Truncatella and Monochaetia. The optimized neural and statistical classifiers had similar identification success on an unseen data set – between 76·0 and 78·8% of a 16-species group and between 63·0 and 67·7% of a 19-species group. The relative merits of each classifier are discussed, as is the potential of ANNs in mycology.

By virtue of its basic pattern of belief, the Church is committed to looking back as well as forward. In his introductory letter for the Conference which has produced this volume, Andrew Martindale reminded us that ‘doctrine, dogma, and revelation are all pinned to time and place’. Most of all are they rooted in Golgotha and the Holy Sepulchre, the site of the death and Resurrection of the Lord. It is true that, in particular since the Reformation, the theology of the Passion and Resurrection have often been discussed without reference to their historical location. Other Christians in other times, confident that the Holy Sepulchre discovered under Constantine was indeed the authentic place of Christ’s Resurrection, desired to reach out to and to grasp its historical and geographical reality, for these embody the very time and place of their redemption.

Studies of medieval society in recent years have laid increasing stress on the effectiveness of the power of the saints. They enriched their churches, defended their possessions, created great centres at once of pilgrimage and commerce and provided for the healing of the sick and the care of the poor. The cults of the saints formed a model for secular government. Kings appeared before their people as walking reliccollections and exercised the power of healing, and patron saints (like St Mark at Venice and St Denis in France) helped to define the identity of the political communities over whose well-being they were thought to preside. Often such saints, even those whose cults were rapidly developing in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, were figures from the New Testament or from the ages of conversion: St James at Compostella, Mary Magdalen at Vézelay, and Benedict at Fleury. On occasions, however, a charismatic figure in contemporary society emerged as the centre of a healing cult and a focus for widespread devotion.