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86 results

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  • Primary care practice-based interventions and their effect on participation in population-based cancer screening programs: a systematic narrative review

  • Ebony J. Verbunt, Grace Newman, Nicola S. Creagh, Kristi M. Milley, Jon D. Emery, Margaret A. Kelaher, Nicole M. Rankin, Claire E. Nightingale
  • Journal:
    Primary Health Care Research & Development / Volume 25 / 2024
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    12 February 2024, e12
    • Article
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  • Aim:

    To provide a systematic synthesis of primary care practice-based interventions and their effect on participation in population-based cancer screening programs.

    Background:

    Globally, population-based cancer screening programs (bowel, breast, and cervical) have sub-optimal participation rates. Primary healthcare workers (PHCWs) have an important role in facilitating a patient’s decision to screen; however, barriers exist to their engagement. It remains unclear how to best optimize the role of PHCWs to increase screening participation.

    Methods:

    A comprehensive search was conducted from January 2010 until November 2023 in the following databases: Medline (OVID), EMBASE, and CINAHL. Data extraction, quality assessment, and synthesis were conducted. Studies were separated by whether they assessed the effect of a single-component or multi-component intervention and study type.

    Findings:

    Forty-nine studies were identified, of which 36 originated from the USA. Fifteen studies were investigations of single-component interventions, and 34 studies were of multi-component interventions. Interventions with a positive effect on screening participation were predominantly multi-component, and most included combinations of audit and feedback, provider reminders, practice-facilitated assessment and improvement, and patient education across all screening programs. Regarding bowel screening, provision of screening kits at point-of-care was an effective strategy to increase participation. Taking a ‘whole-of-practice approach’ and identifying a ‘practice champion’ were found to be contextual factors of effective interventions.

    The findings suggest that complex interventions comprised of practitioner-focused and patient-focused components are required to increase cancer screening participation in primary care settings. This study provides novel understanding as to what components and contextual factors should be included in primary care practice-based interventions.

  • Screening for participants in the ISCHEMIA trial: Implications for clinical research

  • Fatima Rodriguez, Judith S. Hochman, Yifan Xu, Harmony R. Reynolds, Jeffrey S. Berger, Stavroula Mavromichalis, Jonathan D. Newman, Sripal Bangalore, David J. Maron
  • Journal:
    Journal of Clinical and Translational Science / Volume 6 / Issue 1 / 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    13 July 2022, e90
    • Article
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      • Open access
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  • The International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness with Medical and Invasive Approaches (ISCHEMIA) found that there was no statistical difference in cardiovascular events with an initial invasive strategy as compared with an initial conservative strategy of guideline-directed medical therapy for patients with moderate to severe ischemia on noninvasive testing. In this study, we describe the reasons that potentially eligible patients who were screened for participation in the ISCHEMIA trial did not advance to enrollment, the step prior to randomization. Of those who preliminarily met clinical inclusion criteria on screening logs submitted during the enrollment period, over half did not participate due to physician or patient refusal, a potentially modifiable barrier. This analysis highlights the importance of physician equipoise when advising patients about participation in randomized controlled trials.

  • A Product-Service System for Safety Footwear

  • D. J. Janson, S. T. Newman, V. Dhokia
  • Journal:
    Proceedings of the Design Society / Volume 2 / May 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    26 May 2022, pp. 1031-1040
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  • This paper proposes that safety footwear manufacture shifts towards a sustainable Product-Service System (PSS). The PSS consists of seven stages from identification of requirements through to disposal or replacement. Through this, designers and manufacturers can realise safety footwear that is customised to end user sizing, function, industry and aesthetic requirements. For end users, this PSS leads to the creation of more comfortable and practicable footwear, addressing the underlying level of acceptance of uncomfortable safety footwear, reducing waste and providing sex specific offerings.

Cambridge Handbook of Psychology, Health and Medicine
  • 3rd edition
  • Edited by Carrie D. Llewellyn, Susan Ayers, Chris McManus, Stanton Newman, Keith J. Petrie, Tracey A. Revenson, John Weinman
  • Published online:
    05 June 2019
    Print publication:
    16 May 2019
  • This third edition of the much acclaimed Cambridge Handbook of Psychology, Health and Medicine offers a fully up-to-date, comprehensive, accessible, one-stop resource for doctors, health care professionals, mental health care professionals (such as psychologists, counsellors, specialist nurses), academics, researchers, and students specializing in health across all these fields. The new streamlined structure of the book features brief section overviews summarising the state of the art of knowledge on the topic to make the information easier to find. The encyclopaedic aspects of the Handbook have been retained; all the entries, as well as the extensive references, have been updated. Retaining all the virtues of the original, this edition is expanded with a range of new topics, such as the effects of conflict and war on health and wellbeing, advancements in assisted reproduction technology, e-health interventions, patient-reported outcome measures, health behaviour change interventions, and implementing changes into health care practice.

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