As a result of the expansion of Western trade during the nineteenth century following the industrial revolution, Western nations, ever eager for the coveted trade of the Orient, and stimulated by the need of finding new markets for their accumulating exports, pushed their insistent way into the Far East with new determination. There followed a series of treaties with Eastern potentates opening up new trading areas and clothing Western merchants with extraterritorial rights roughly similar to those enjoyed by foreigners under the Turkish Capitulations. Thus was born in the Orient the régime of extraterritoriality which in three quarters of a century was destined to become the focus of increasing disturbance and unrest in the Far Eastern world.