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8 results

  • Self-reference in psychosis and depression: a language marker of illness

  • S. K. Fineberg, J. Leavitt, S. Deutsch-Link, S. Dealy, C. D. Landry, K. Pirruccio, S. Shea, S. Trent, G. Cecchi, P. R. Corlett
  • Journal:
    Psychological Medicine / Volume 46 / Issue 12 / September 2016
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    29 June 2016, pp. 2605-2615
  • Background

    Language use is of increasing interest in the study of mental illness. Analytical approaches range from phenomenological and qualitative to formal computational quantitative methods. Practically, the approach may have utility in predicting clinical outcomes. We harnessed a real-world sample (blog entries) from groups with psychosis, strong beliefs, odd beliefs, illness, mental illness and/or social isolation to validate and extend laboratory findings about lexical differences between psychosis and control subjects.

    Method

    We describe the results of two experiments using Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count software to assess word category frequencies. In experiment 1, we compared word use in psychosis and control subjects in the laboratory (23 per group), and related results to subject symptoms. In experiment 2, we examined lexical patterns in blog entries written by people with psychosis and eight comparison groups. In addition to between-group comparisons, we used factor analysis followed by clustering to discern the contributions of strong belief, odd belief and illness identity to lexical patterns.

    Results

    Consistent with others’ work, we found that first-person pronouns, biological process words and negative emotion words were more frequent in psychosis language. We tested lexical differences between bloggers with psychosis and multiple relevant comparison groups. Clustering analysis revealed that word use frequencies did not group individuals with strong or odd beliefs, but instead grouped individuals with any illness (mental or physical).

    Conclusions

    Pairing of laboratory and real-world samples reveals that lexical markers previously identified as specific language changes in depression and psychosis are probably markers of illness in general.

  • 9 - Community-based hydrological and water quality assessments in Mindanao, Philippines

  • from Part I - Current trends and perspectives on people–land use–water issues
    • By W. G. Deutsch, International Center for Aquaculture and Aquatic Environments, Department of Fisheries, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA, A. L. Busby, International Center for Aquaculture and Aquatic Environments, Department of Fisheries, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA, J. L. Orprecio, Heifer Project International/Philippines, Unit 907, South Center Tower, Madrigal Business Park, Alabang, Muntinlupa City 1771, Philippines, J. P. Bago-Labis, Heifer Project International, Muntinlupa City, Philippines, E. Y. Cequiña, Central Mindanao University, Mindanao, Philippines
  • Edited by M. Bonell, L. A. Bruijnzeel, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam
  • Book:
    Forests, Water and People in the Humid Tropics
    Published online:
    12 January 2010
    Print publication:
    13 January 2005, pp 134-150

  • Summary

    INTRODUCTION

    Philippine water issues

    In spite of the fact that the Philippines is water rich, with nearly 5000 cubic metres per capita of renewable water resources, there is a national crisis regarding conservation of a dwindling supply of high quality water. This has led to presidential decrees and other legislative action at the federal level, including Senate Bill No. 1082 which is designed to institute ‘a comprehensive water development act thereby revising and consolidating all the laws governing the appropriation, utilisation, exploitation, conservation, development and management of water resources, creating the National Water Commission’ (Policy Forum, 1997).

    Water quality of both coastal marine and inland freshwater environments of the Philippines is threatened by soil erosion and sedimentation, excess nutrient runoff and bacterial contamination. These types of pollutants often come from broad areas of both rural and urban land (usually classified as polluted runoff or non-point source pollution). Although polluted runoff is the most common source of water degradation in the Philippines and worldwide, it is much more difficult to control than pollution from specific sources.

    As in most parts of the developing world, there is a limit to what government can do to protect and conserve water because of a lack of personnel, equipment and finances. This is especially true in remote, rural areas where rates of natural resource loss generally exceed local governments' attempts to remedy environmental problems. In particular, specific information of water conditions needed to establish management strategies is generally lacking.