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  • 95 - Ideal and nonideal theory

  • from I
  • Edited by Jon Mandle, State University of New York, Albany, David A. Reidy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Rawls Lexicon
    Published online:
    05 February 2015
    Print publication:
    11 December 2014, pp 361-364

  • Summary

    Rawls first set out his conception of ideal theory in A Theory of Justice. Ideal theory asks “what a perfectly just society would be like” as well as which principles of justice “would regulate a well-ordered society.” In such a society “Everyone is presumed to act justly and to do his part in upholding just institutions” (TJ 8). Consequently, ideal theory is concerned with “strict compliance as opposed to partial compliance theory.” The rationale for this approach, according to Rawls, is that starting with ideal theory provides the basis for a “deeper understanding” of justice and a “more systematic grasp” of the problems of nonideal theory such as “the theory of punishment, the doctrine of just war, and the justiication of the various ways of opposing unjust regimes . . . ” (TJ 8). Nonideal theory leshes out the principles that ideal theory has produced and considers how they “might be achieved, or worked toward, usually in gradual steps” (TJ 246). Nonideal theory is not much developed in A Theory of Justice. At the end of part ii Rawls wrote that “for the most part I have tried to develop an ideal conception, only occasionally commenting on the various cases of nonideal theory” (TJ 391).

Applied Anatomy for Anaesthesia and Intensive Care
  • Andy Georgiou, Chris Thompson, James Nickells
  • Published online:
    05 October 2014
    Print publication:
    02 October 2014
  • Applied Anatomy for Anaesthesia and Intensive Care is an invaluable tool for trainee and practised anaesthetists and intensive care physicians seeking to learn, revise and develop their anatomical knowledge and procedural skills. Concise textual descriptions of anatomy are integrated with descriptions of procedures that are frequently performed in anaesthesia and intensive care, such as nerve blocks, focussed echo, lung ultrasound, vascular access procedures, front of neck airway access and chest drainage. The text is supported by over 200 high-quality, colour, anatomical illustrations, which are correlated with ultrasound, fibre optic and radiological images, allowing the reader to easily interpret nerve block sonoanatomy, airway fibre optic images and important features on CT and MRI scans. Useful mnemonics and easily reproducible sketch diagrams make this an essential resource for anyone studying towards postgraduate examinations in anaesthesia and intensive care medicine.

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