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2 results

  • Chapter 3 - Epithelial or Squamous Neoplasms

  • Edited by Mai P. Hoang, Harvard Medical School, Boston
  • Book:
    Immunohistochemistry and Ancillary Studies in Diagnostic Dermatopathology
    Published online:
    17 June 2025
    Print publication:
    26 June 2025, pp 31-66

  • Summary

    Being one of the most common cutaneous epithelial neoplasms and having a diverse morphologic appearance, squamous cell carcinoma can mimic a variety of neoplasms including epithelial, lymphoid, melanocytic as well as mesenchymal neoplasms of the skin. In this chapter, the role of immunohistochemistry in the distinction of squamous cell carcinoma versus basal cell carcinoma, sebaceous carcinoma, and porocarcinoma; sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma versus spindle cell melanomas and sarcomas; poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma versus Merkel cell carcinoma; and the diagnosis of anogenital squamous intraepithelial neoplasia will be discussed. Squamous precursors of the anogenital region arise via three pathways: classical which is associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, usual or the differentiated or simplex pathway which is HPV-independent and caused by TP53 mutations, and a third pathway characterized by HPV-independence and p53 wild-type status. The role of immunostains in classifying anogenital squamous precursor lesions will be discussed.